技术政治批判后的古典政治哲学回归:施特劳斯“哲人王”言辞及其条件  

The Retuning of Classical Political Philosophy After the Critique Towards Techno-politics:The Words and Conditions of Strauss’“Philosopher-King”

作　　者：胡宗亮 黄恩浩 Hu Zongliang;Huang Enhao

机构地区：[1]常州大学史良法学院 [2]常州大学非诉讼研究院 [3]首都师范大学

出　　处：《法律与伦理》2023年第1期249-284,342,343,共38页Law and Ethics

摘　　要：列奥·施特劳斯有关哲人王的讨论被视为其理论系统之中的至高言辞,他相信,“哲人王统治”与“最佳政制”等价,后者许诺了正义与智慧的联结。而在《城邦与人》一书中,施特劳斯明确了“哲人王统治”指向的是现代性技术政治。“技术”由色拉叙马霍斯的“技术即正义”言辞演化并成为天命的存在论境况的事实,首先在海德格尔有关技术的批判中获得揭示,并且构成了施特劳斯进一步推演“回返古典政治哲学”的条件,也即“技术”与“自然”在生成论上具有同等的解蔽效应,并且由于技术的人造和模仿属性,应当派生于“自然生成”的良好城邦;现代性的危机在于,“技术统治”成为政治社会不言自明的“前提”并由此导致了虚无主义的后果。施特劳斯同时认为,需要以回返古典政治哲学的坚决态度,清算哲学史中代换尤其是贬低了“哲人王政治”的其他最佳政治设想,进而构建鲜明的“古今之争”,开启向柏拉图言说的“哲人王”复归的“上升”和“回返”同一路径。然而,由于在柏拉图的言辞之中,“理念”“哲人王”“苏格拉底”的形象高度一致,而成为“被模仿”的形象本身,“哲人王言辞”不能转化为哲人王政治,并且无法直接救治现代性浪潮下的人类天命,超克技术统治以及由此向古典政治哲学的回归由于建基于“苏格拉底之死”的渊基(Abgrund)之上,因此也是需要被反思的回归之路。Leo Strauss’s discussion of the philosopher’s king has been regarded as the supreme conception in his theory system.He believes that“the rule of philosopher king”is equivalent to the best government,which promises the unity of justice and wisdom.In The City and Man,Strauss clarified that the philosopher king’s rule directed against techno-politics of modernity.The fact that“technology”evolved from the“technology is justice”speech of Salaxumahos,and became the ontological situation of the destiny has been firstly revealed by Heidegger’s critique of technology,and constituted the conditions for Strauss to further deduce to the“returning to Classical political philosophy”,that is,“technology”and“nature”have the same enlightenment effect in the genesis of theory,and because of the artificial and imitation properties of technology,they should be derived from a good city that was generated by nature;The crisis of modernity lies in the fact that“technocracy is self-evidently the premise of political society,resulting in a profound sense of nihilism.Strauss also believes that it is necessary to resolutely return to classical political philosophy,clearly disproves other best political concepts that substituted or degraded the philosopher’s king politics,and then establishes a distinct“contrast between Classical and modern”,opening up the“accenting and returning”of the philosopher king to Plato’s words in the same route.However,due to the identical image of“idea”,“philosopher king”,and“Socrates”in Plato’s words,it cannot be converted into a philosopher king’s politics,and cannot directly cure the human destiny of modernity and overcome the technocracy and therefore return to classical political philosophy based on the foundation(Abgrund)of“Socrates’death”,thus causing the way of returning should be reflected on.

关 键 词：技术统治 古典政治哲学 哲人王统治 现代性批判 施特 劳斯与海德格尔 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]