传统形而上学的终结与“思存关系”的异质性——马克思对黑格尔辩证法“颠倒”的深层意蕴  

The End of Traditional Metaphysics and the Heterogeneity of Thinking and Being:The Deep Meaning of Marx’s“Upside Down”of Hegel’s Dialectics

作　　者：贺来[1] 孙谦谦 HE Lai;SUN Qian-qian

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院 [2]吉林大学哲学社会学院,长春1300121

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2023年第6期158-167,234,共11页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA242)。

摘　　要：马克思对黑格尔辩证法的“颠倒”问题一直以来备受学界关注,对这一理论疑难的回应直接关涉对马克思辩证法的基本理解。在此问题上,只有深入哲学史的发展尤其是深入辩证法与形而上学的关系,才能真正把握这“颠倒”的实质和深层意蕴。黑格尔试图通过辩证法赋予抽象的“同一性”实体以辩证的内涵,从而改造传统形而上学,将思维与存在的“抽象的同一性”转变为“具体的同一性”。马克思认为,由于黑格尔哲学把“实在理解为思维运动的结果”,这使得它所实现的思维与存在关系的统一实际上陷入了幻觉。马克思从实践观点和唯物史观出发,把“实在”理解为实践活动所创造的现实世界,消解和终结了黑格尔陷入的传统形而上学幻觉,从而变革了辩证法的存在论根基,同时也使“思存关系”的解释原则从“同一性”转向了“异质性”。这是马克思对黑格尔辩证法的“颠倒”所体现的深层意蕴。Marx’s“upside-down”of Hegel’s dialectics has attracted much attention from scholars,and the re⁃sponse to this theoretical problem is directly related to the basic understanding of Marx’s dialectics.On this issue,only by delving deeply into the development of the history of philosophy,especially the relationship between dialectics and metaphysics,can we truly grasp the essence and deep meaning of“upside down”.Hegel tried to transform traditional metaphysics by giving dialectical connotations to abstract“identity”entities through dialectics,transforming the“abstract identity”of thinking and being into“concrete identity”.Marx believed that because Hegel’s philosophy understood“re⁃ality as the result of the movement of thoughts”,this unity of thinking and being that it achieved was actually illusioned.Starting from the practical viewpoint and the materialist view of history,Marx understood“reality”as the real world cre⁃ated by practical activities,dissolved and ended the traditional metaphysical illusion that Hegel fell into,thus changing the existential foundation of dialectics,and at the same time shifting the interpretive principle of thinking and being from“identity”to“heterogeneity”.This is the deep meaning of Marx’s“upside down”of Hegel’s dialectics.

关 键 词：辩证法 思存关系 异质性 马克思 黑格尔 传统形而上学 

分 类 号：B024[哲学宗教—哲学理论]