低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮在奶牛生产中的应用研究进展  

Research progress of rumen-protected amino acids supplementation for low protein diet in dairy cows

作　　者：欧阳潼 李胜利[1] OUYANG Tong;LI Shengli(College of animal science and technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第22期160-164,共5页China Feed

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1301001)。

摘　　要：我国奶牛养殖产业迅速发展,养殖规模逐步扩大,对蛋白质饲料需求量也日益增加。然而豆粕等优质蛋白原料相对匮乏,使蛋白原料价格上升导致饲养成本增加。同时,饲喂过高蛋白水平的日粮会造成环境污染问题。在借鉴发达国家奶牛饲养标准条件下,将日粮粗蛋白质含量降低1~2个百分点,同时通过添加过瘤胃氨基酸,充分平衡奶牛日粮中的必需氨基酸,不但能够维持甚至提高奶牛产奶量和乳蛋白产量,提高乳氮利用率,减少氮排泄和日粮氮损失对环境的影响,甚至可以降低日粮成本。本文总结了低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、营养物质消化率和氮排放的影响,以期为低蛋白日粮在奶牛生产中的应用提供理论基础。As dairy industry in China developing rapidly,the cultivation scale of dairy cows is gradually expanding,and the demand for protein feed is increasing.However,the relative scarcity of high quality protein feed such as soybean meal has let to an increase in feed cost.Meanwhile,feeding high protein diet can cause environmental pollution problems.Low protein diet pattern is reducing the crude protein content of diets by 1~2 percentage points under the NRC 2001 standard and balancing the essential amino acids in the diets of dairy cows by supplementation of rumen-protected amino acids.Feeding low protein diet can maintain or even increase the milk yield and milk protein production of dairy cows,improve nitrogen utilization,reduce ammonia emissions and reduce feed cost.The article reviewed the effects of rumen-protected amino acids supplementation for low protein diet on milk production,total-tract apparent digestibility and nitrogen emission in dairy cows,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of low-protein diets in dairy cows.

关 键 词：低蛋白 氨基酸 奶牛 生产性能 表观消化率 氮排放 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]