人机协作焕发就业“新生态”  

Human-Robot Collaboration Revitalizes the“New ecosystem”of Employment

作　　者：夏杰长[1] 丁雪怡 魏翔 XIA Jiechang;DING Xueyi;WEI Xiang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院 [2]中国社会科学院大学商学院

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2023年第8期15-20,共6页Price:Theory & Practice

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“生产网络视角下服务业技术进步影响因素、机制及路径优化研究”(项目编号:72073139)。

摘　　要：人与机器人共同协作的工作岗位越来越普遍。机器人对技能劳动力具有显著的增进效应,因为机器人的用途暂未渗透到抽象性工作任务领域,且操作、管理和运用机器人也需要更高技能的劳动力。与此同时,机器人对非技能劳动力具有显著的替代效应,这是由于机器人被大量用于替代体力性、程序性的工作任务。如果将非技能劳动力转化成技能劳动力,加大投入合理的机器人相关培训,尤其是操作领域,使人学会更好地与机器人共同进行工作,即人机协作,不失为抵消机器人替代效应的解决方案。加强和改善教育培训,增强劳动者技能,增强人力资本积累,是构建人机协作就业“新生态”的重要举措。The prevalence of job positions involving collaborative work between humans and robots is on the rise. Robots have a sig-nificant enhancing effect on skilled labor, as their applications have not yet penetrated the realm of abstract job tasks. Furthermore, operating,managing, and utilizing robots require a higher-skilled workforce. At the same time, robots have a substantial substitutive effect on unskilled labor, primarily because they are extensively used to replace physically demanding and routine tasks.One potential solution to counteract the substitutive effect of robots is to transform unskilled labor into skilled labor through increased investment in relevant robot-related training,particularly in the operational field. This would empower individuals to work effectively alongside robots, fostering human-robot collabora-tion. Strengthening and improving education and training, enhancing workers ' skills, and accumulating human capital are crucial steps in building a “new ecosystem” for employment through human-robot collaboration.

关 键 词：人机协作 就业创造 就业替代 教育培训 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] F426.67[经济管理—国民经济]