中子散射技术在化学研究中的应用  

Applications of neutron scattering techniques in investigations of chemistry

作　　者：刘栋 孙光爱[1] 彭述明[1] Dong Liu;Guangai Sun;Shuming Peng(Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang 621999,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院,核物理与化学研究所,绵阳621999

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2023年第11期2237-2249,共13页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:12275248,U21A2090,U1830205)资助项目。

摘　　要：中子散射在化学、软物质、基础物理、地球科学、工程等领域应用广泛,在不同领域的科学探索过程中发挥了关键作用.中子具有不带电荷、穿透能力强、对轻元素敏感、能够进行无损检测等特点.一方面,弹性中子散射在氢元素富集的化学材料体系、高分子体系、生物大分子等体系的结构研究中独具优势;另一方面,非弹性中子散射测量的能量、散射矢量范围与这类材料体系的时间、空间尺度吻合,非常适合化学过程的动力学研究.本文将通过结合中国绵阳研究堆(CMRR)中子散射平台上的应用实例,重点介绍国内外利用小角中子散射、中子反射、中子衍射、非弹/准弹性中子散射等代表性技术在化学反应机理研究、溶液中的化学过程、高分子化学、生物化学、材料化学、核化学和放射化学等领域的典型应用及前景.Neutron scatterings are widely used in the fields of chemistry,soft matter,basic physics,earth science,engineering,etc.The techniques benefit the scientific understanding in different fields.Neutron is characterized by its no charge,strong penetration ability,and sensitivity to light elements.On one hand,it has the capabilities and advantages to study the structure and structural evolution mechanism in chemical material,macromolecular,and biological systems,where hydrogen is relatively enriched.On the other hand,the ranges of neutron scattering energy and vector are consistent with the time and space scales of the above material system,so neutron scattering is suitable for studying the dynamics in chemical processes.This review introduces the typical applications of neutron scattering technologies,such as small angle neutron scattering,neutron reflection,neutron diffraction,and non-elastic/quasi-elastic neutron scattering,in investigations about mechanism of chemical reaction research,chemical processes in solution,polymer chemistry,biochemistry,material chemistry,nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry,etc.,by combining the relevant application examples in the international as well as the ones of China Mianyang research reactor(CMRR)neutron science platforms.

关 键 词：中国绵阳研究堆 中子科学平台 中子散射 化学 软物质 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]