“生态战时共产主义”:马尔姆气候政治批判理论的革命方案  

“Eco-War Communism”:Revolutionary Proposal of Malm’s Climate Political Critique Theory

作　　者：杨士喜 YANG Shixi(College of Marxism,Southeast University)

机构地区：[1]东南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2023年第5期22-34,共13页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“21世纪马克思主义的生态政治理论发展趋向研究”(19BKS077)。

摘　　要：瑞典左翼生态马克思主义者安德烈亚斯·马尔姆(Andreas Malm)从新冠病毒与气候的内在勾连入手,揭露了全球变暖趋势下发达资本主义围绕资本积累循环加速,是何以使新冠病毒等病原体成为一种紧急情况,并利用灾难辩证法模型生成了“慢性紧急状态”下气候资本主义的灾难衍生机制。为应对慢性紧急状态和气候危机,在与环境决定论、社会民主主义和无政府主义论战的过程中,马尔姆从列宁那里获得了灵感,并提供了一套涉及指导原则、可能路径、历史经验、目标对象为一体的“生态战时共产主义”方案。该方案虽为人类可能遭遇的重大气候灾难提供了前置性的生存探索,但仍旧摆脱不了这是一种激进外壳下藏着懦弱与妥协的气候政治乌托邦想象,因而理想意义远大于现实意义。Andreas Malm,a Swedish left⁃wing eco⁃Marxist,starting from the inherent connection between the COVID⁃19 virus and climate issues,exposes the two radically different attitudes displayed by advanced capitalism towards the COVID⁃19 virus and climate crisis.He delves into the political implications behind these attitudes and reveals how the accelerating cycle of capital accumulation under advanced capitalism in the face of global warming has turned pathogens like the COVID⁃19 virus into emergencies.Malm utilizes a dialectical model of disaster to generate the mechanism for the catastrophic outcome of climate capitalism under a chronic state of emergence.To address the chronic state of emergency and climate issues,Andreas Malm,in the process of debating environmental determinism,social democracy,and anarchism,draws inspiration from Lenin.He offers a comprehensive eco⁃war communism proposal that encompasses guiding principles,potential paths,lessons from experience,and target objectives.However,this proposal represents a climate political Utopian imagination cloaked in radicalism,concealing elements of timidity and compromise.Its idealistic aspirations far outweigh its practical significance.

关 键 词：“慢性紧急状态” “灾难辩证法” 气候资本主义 “生态战时共产主义” 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]