西方生态思潮中的生态正义思想比较研究——以生态女性主义、生态马克思主义、有机马克思主义为研究对象  

A Comparative Study of Ecological Justice in Western Ecological Thoughts

作　　者：曾晓彬 何玮 ZENG Xiaobin;HE Wei(School of Marxism,South China University of Technology)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第5期35-47,共13页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“复杂适应系统哲学问题研究”(22JJD720016)。

摘　　要：生态女性主义、生态马克思主义、有机马克思主义等西方生态思潮流派的生态正义思想都缘起于对资本主义生态危机的批判,但理论主张各有不同。生态女性主义是以反男性中心主义为核心,将女性解放与自然解放相结合,反对父权制社会对女性与自然的剥削压迫,要求重塑社会生态文化;生态马克思主义秉持弱人类中心主义立场,以历史唯物主义的生产性视角剖析了资本主义生产方式的非正义本质,倡导建立生态社会主义,促进人与自然的良性互动;有机马克思主义则以后现代性立场和整体性、过程性思维探索分配正义与生态正义的内在联系,批判了资本现代性对人与自然的关系异化,进而提出生态共同体的建设构想。三种流派的思想主张虽极大丰富了生态正义的理论体系,但也存在局限性,难以真正实现生态正义。比较其思想的异同,合理吸收有益成果,有助于回应当代社会对公平正义和生态文明的共同价值诉求。Ecological feminism,ecological Marxism,organic Marxism,and other Western ecological schools of thought on ecological justice all stem from critiques of the ecological crisis under capitalism.However,their theoretical propositions vary.Ecofeminism,centered around anti⁃androcentrism,integrates the liberation of women with the liberation of nature.It opposes the patriarchal society’s exploitation and oppression of both women and nature,advocating for a reshaping of the socio⁃ecological culture.Ecological Marxism upholds a stance of weak anthropocentrism,analyzes the unjust nature of capitalist modes of production from a historical materialist perspective,advocating for the establishment of ecological socialism and the promotion of a mutually beneficial interaction between man and nature.Organic Marxism,adopting a post⁃modern perspective along with holistic and process⁃oriented thinking,explores the intrinsic connection between distributive justice and ecological justice.It critiques the alienation of the relationship between humans and nature under capitalist modernity,and consequently proposes the construction of an ecological community.While the ideas advocated by these three schools of thought greatly enrich the theoretical framework of ecological justice,they also have their limitations and may face challenges in achieving ecological justice in practice.Comparing the similarities and differences in their ideas and reasonably incorporating beneficial aspects will help address the contemporary societal demands for fairness,justice and ecological civilization as shared values.

关 键 词：生态正义 生态马克思主义 生态女性主义 有机马克思主义 生态文明 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]