海洋微藻多不饱和脂肪酸生物合成机制研究进展  

Review on Biosynthesis Mechanism Research of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Marine Microalgae

作　　者：许晓路 张德勇 Xu Xiaolu;Zhang Deyong(College of Biolology and Environmental Engineering,Zhejiang Shuren University,Hangzhou 310015)

机构地区：[1]浙江树人学院生物与环境工程学院,杭州310015

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2023年第10期259-266,共8页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(22NDJC129YB);浙江树人学院省属高校基本科研业务费项目(2021XZ016);浙江树人学院中青年学术项目(2019MA)。

摘　　要：微藻是获取多不饱和脂肪酸的新来源,微藻粉、微藻油、微藻强化食品等各类新产品的研发日新月异。然而,另一方面,对微藻的代谢机制尚且所知有限。微藻的种类复杂多样,其脂肪酸代谢途属于研究热点之一。现有研究显示,微藻的脂肪酸合成首先是在质体中通过FAS途径合成初始的饱和脂肪酸棕榈酸,然后在线粒体或内质网中通过n-3途径、n-6途径进一步完成链延长和(或)脱饱和反应,生成一系列不同长度、不同饱和度的多不饱和脂肪酸。某些藻类还被发现存在无氧的PKS途径,主要合成n-3系列的多不饱和脂肪酸。参与这些途径的酶基因也先后被鉴定出来并进行了表征,为将来通过生物工程手段改造微藻、提高产量等提供参考。Microalgae are new source of polyunsaturated fatty acids,and various new products of microalgae powder,microalgae oil,and microalgae fortified food,etc.are continuously developed.However,on the other hand,the metabolic mechanism of microalgae is still poorly known.Microalgae has a complicated and varied variety,and fatty acid metabolism is one of the research hotspots.Existing studies have indicated that the fatty acid synthesis in microalgae first synthesized the initial saturated fatty acid palmitic acid through FAS pathway in plastids,and then further completed chain elongation and/or desaturation reactions through n-3 pathway and n-6 pathway in mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum,generating a series of polyunsaturated fatty acids with different lengths and saturations.Some algae have also been found to have an anaerobic PKS pathway,mainly synthesizing n-3 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids.The enzyme genes involved in these pathways have also been identified and characterized,which provided a reference for microalgae′s bioengineering operations or yield improvement.

关 键 词：微藻 多不饱和脂肪酸 DHA EPA 合成机制 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]