环境行政公益诉讼中的代履行:问题与对策  

Proxy Enforcement in Environmental Public InterestLitigation:Problems and Countermeasures

作　　者：栾志红 LUAN Zhihong(Law School,Beijing Jiaotong University)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学法学院

出　　处：《人权法学》2023年第5期67-85,147,148,共21页Journal of Human Rights Law

摘　　要：在环境行政公益诉讼中,人民法院认定代履行违法的主要情形是行政机关怠于履行代履行职责。对代履行不作为的判断标准,人民法院主要从是否存在法定的代履行职责与代履行是否已经履行两个方面展开。人民法院通常会支持检察机关的诉讼请求,作出确认违法判决和履行判决。人民法院对代履行的审查存在一些不足,如判断标准偏重结果、未考虑代履行有无现实可能、履行判决的内容难以确定等。要完善人民法院对代履行合法性的审查,建议从司法权与代履行中行政机关裁量权的关系入手。代履行中的行政裁量主要表现为行政机关决定是否实施、何时实施及如何实施代履行。一方面,人民法院应保持谦抑,尊重代履行中的行政裁量权;另一方面,应建立代履行行政裁量审查标准,包括尊重和保障人权原则、承认代履行的客观不能、比例原则、程序控制和行政裁量收缩理论。In the environmental public interest litigation,the court finds that the primary violation in proxy enforcement is that the administrative organs are negligent in fulfilling their obligations.As for the standard of judging the nonfeasance of administrative organs,there are primarily two aspects for the court to check and examine:whether administrative organs are obliged to proxy enforcement,and whether proxy enforcement is executed.According to the data of final decisions,the court usually upholds the prosecution's claim,and rules that the administrative organs fail in proxy enforcement,and should fulfill the obligations.There are usually two categories of decision for execution:(1)the order to execute proxy enforcement and(2)the order to take on the duty to supervise the procedure.As for the former,it usually includes the substantive issues,such as the time limit,cost,and effect of proxy enforcement.The latter generally refers to the requirement of the administrative organs to execute and supervise the procedure of proxy enforcement.There are some areas for improvement in the court's review of the legality of proxy enforcement,such as the judgment standard is biased towards the outcome of the execution,without regarding whether there is a realistic possibility.Besides,it is difficult to determine the content to enforce the judgment.Proxy enforcement is an action of administrative discretion,which is mainly manifested in whether,when and how the administrative organs execute it.To improve the court's review of the legality of proxy enforcement,it should start with the relationship between judicial power and the discretionary power of administrative organs.On the one hand,the court should maintain modesty,abide by the concept of power constraints in the constitution, and be aware of the fact in individual casesthat the object of proxy enforcement may contain scientific and technological factorsthat are not proper for proxy enforcement;on the other hand, it should set up a clearstandard of administrative discretion

关 键 词：环境行政公益诉讼 代履行 怠于履行代履行职责 行政裁量 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]