“红楼三玉”的隐逸人格特征及其文化意蕴  

On the Reclusive Personality Characteristics and Cultural Implications of“Three Jades of Red Mansions”

作　　者：李亦辉[1] LI Yi-hui

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学文学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《北方论丛》2023年第6期100-113,共14页The Northern Forum

摘　　要：古典小说里人物的命名,寄寓着作者的褒贬好恶,《红楼梦》以“玉”为“红楼三玉”命名,一方面表明其外美与内美兼具的特点,一方面喻示其凡俗性与超然性并存的品性,而内美与超然的一面,是“三玉”隐逸人格形成的心理文化基础。就隐逸形态而言,“红楼三玉”可归于市隐、心隐之列,贾宝玉隐于闺阁,林黛玉隐于诗书,妙玉隐于佛门,大观园是使其隐逸人格得以充分现实化的世外桃源。“三玉”的避世情结与隐逸人格,是对世俗社会及其价值观念的疏离与逃避的结果,因而也不断受到世俗社会的诋毁与打压,最终皆以悲剧收场。“三玉”的人生悲剧,是在已然丧失了活力与包容的社会文化体制之下,追求性灵自由与生命超越的个体欲做隐者而不得的人世悲歌,足资“齐家”“治国”者引以为鉴。The naming of characters in classical novels embodies the author’s likes and dislikes. A Dream of Red Mansions is named after “jade” for “three jades of Red Mansions”. It indicates the characteristics of both external and internal beauty, and on the other hand, it signifies the coexistence of vulgarity and detachment. While the psychological and cultural basis for the formation of the reclusive personality of the “three jades” is the inner beauty and detachment. In terms of the form of seclusion, the “three jades of Red Mansions” should be classified as city seclusion and heart seclusion. Jia Baoyu is secluded in the boudoir, Lin Daiyu is secluded in poetry and literature, Miaoyu is secluded in Buddhism, and the Grand View Garden is a paradise where his reclusive personality can be fully realized. The seclusion complex and reclusive personality of the “three jades” are the result of alienation and evasion from the secular society and its values, and therefore are constantly defamed and suppressed by the secular society, ultimately ending in tragedy. The life tragedy of “three jades” is the sad melody the world for the individual who pursues spiritual freedom and life transcendence to be a hermit but not a hermit under the social and cultural system that has lost its vitality and inclusiveness, which can be used as a reference for those who ‘make the family harmony’ and ‘govern the country’.

关 键 词：《红楼梦》 贾宝玉 林黛玉 妙玉 隐逸人格 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]