青海省农牧区高年级小学生家庭食物环境分析  

Analysis of The Family Food Environment of Senior Primary School Students in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Qinghai Province

作　　者：申贵元 张曼 杨素芳 张娜[1,4] 池睿欣 李振珲 李子晔 马福昌 马冠生[1,4] SHEN Gui-yuan;ZHANG Man;YANG Su-fang;ZHANG Na;CHI Rui-xin;LI Zhen-hui;Ll Zi-ye;MA Fu-chang;MA Guan-sheng(Department of Nutrition and Food Hlygiene,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Nursing,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Department for Chronic Non-communicable Diseuse Control and Prevention,Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xining 810007,China;Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,北京100191 [2]北京大学护理学院,北京100191 [3]青海省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染病预防控制所,西宁810007 [4]食品安全毒理学研究与评价北京市重点实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《中国食物与营养》2023年第11期29-36,共8页Food and Nutrition in China

基　　金：达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金(项目编号:DIC2020-11)。

摘　　要：目的:了解青海省农牧区四、五年级小学生家庭食物环境现状,为改善当地学龄儿童家庭食物环境提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,从青海省3座市(州) 10所小学,抽取94名四、五年级学生以及其对应家长作为研究对象,通过自填问卷调查家庭食物环境现状。结果:参与调查学生的家庭食物可及性由高到低依次为新鲜蔬菜及其制品(77.7%)、薯类粗杂粮及其制品(76.6%)、乳类及其制品(74.5%)、水果及其制品(68.1%)、含糖饮料(17.0%)、高糖食物(11.7%)、高脂食物(9.6%)、高盐食物(7.4%)。乳类及其制品的可及性在城乡之间差异有统计学意义(82.1%vs 63.2%,P=0.038)。大部分学生(56.4%)月均家庭食物支出占比约为30%~50%,随人均年收入增加而有所提高(R=0.206,P=0.047)。家庭喂养模式在农村以强制模式为主(63.2%),在县城以强制和限制模式并重(44.6%、42.9%)。绝大多数家庭有较良好的食物规则,男生家庭食物限制得分高于女生(t=2.216,P=0.029)。营养理念较为科学的家长约占33.0%,营养知识掌握较好的家长约占6.4%,总体具有较高营养素养的家长约占8.5%。家长选择食物时考虑最多的三个因素为营养(83.0%)、卫生(73.4%)、孩子爱吃(61.7%)。结论:青海省农牧区高年级小学生家庭食物环境现状总体良好,明显薄弱之处在于家长营养素养一般,特别是营养知识储备极为欠缺。应进一步加强家长的营养宣教,促进营养知识传播,改善家庭食物环境,帮助学龄儿童塑造良好饮食行为。【Objective】To understand the current situation of food environment in the families of fourth and fifth grade primary school students in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai province,and to provide scientific basis for improving the food environment of local school-age children's families.【Method】Using a muli-stage stratified random sampling method,94 fourth and fifth grade students and their corresponding parents were selected from 10 primary schools in 3 cities(prelectures)of Qinghai province as the research subjects.A self-illed questionnaire was used to investigate the current situation of family food environment.【Result】The accessibility of family foods among the surveyed students ranked from high to low,including fresh vegetables and their products(77.7%),potato coarse grains and their products(76.6%),milk and its products(74.5%),fruits and their products(68.1%),sugar-sweelened beverages(17.0%),highsugar foods(11.7%),high-fat foods(9.6%),and high-saltfods(7.4%).There was a statistically significant difference in the accessibility of milk and its products between urban and rural areas(82.1%rs 63.2%,P=0.038).Most students(56.4%)had an average monthly household food expenditure of about 30%—50%,which increased with the increase of per capita annual income(R=0.206,P=0.047).The family feeding mode was mainly mandatory in rural areas(63.2%),and both mandatory and restricted modes were emphasized in county towns(44.6%,42.9%).The majority of students had good family food rules,and the boys'families had higher food restriction scores than girls'families(t=2.216,P=0.029).About 33.0%of parents had scientific nutrition concepts,6.4%had good knowledge of nutrition,and 8.5%.had high nutrition literacy overall.The three most important factors that parents considered when choosing food were nutrition(83.0%),hygiene(73.4%),and children's preference for food(61.7%).【Conclusion】The overall situation of the food environ⁃ment in the families of senior primary school students in agricultural and pastoral

关 键 词：食物环境 食物规则 营养素养 食物可及性 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]