南极磷虾寄生虫多样性与生态学研究进展:法式海腰鞭毛虫、吸管属纤毛虫、吸虫  

Diversity and ecology of parasites in Antarctic krill:a review

作　　者：朱国平[1,2,3,4] 熊怡 ZHU Guoping;XIONG Yi(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Center for Polar Research,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Polar Marine Ecosystem Lab,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学极地研究中心,上海201306 [3]大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室极地海洋生态系统研究室,上海201306 [4]国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心,上海210306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2023年第5期631-640,共10页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划国际科技合作重点专项(2023YFE0104500);国家自然科学基金(41776185)。

摘　　要：南极磷虾具有重要的商业价值且在南极食物网中处于极为关键的地位,为南极绝大多数动物重要的摄食对象,因此,了解影响磷虾丰度和繁殖的因素至关重要,其中寄生于磷虾体内的寄生虫往往被忽略。为充分了解南极磷虾寄生虫的类型、寄生形式及其对磷虾的潜在影响等,对南极磷虾中间寄生虫(法式海腰鞭毛虫Thalassomyces fagei)、体外寄生虫(吸管属纤毛虫Ephelota sp.)以及体内寄生虫(吸虫Trematode)的生命周期、寄生部位、感染特点等方面进行系统的总结和分析。结果显示,体外寄生虫往往需要适应磷虾频繁的蜕壳周期,高龄磷虾因蜕壳周期较长而致体外寄生虫附着和感染程度更高;中间寄生虫感染广泛且对磷虾具有多重危害,但其感染机制尚不明确;多主寄生的体内寄生虫对磷虾的危害较小,而单主寄生的簇虫和假丘类纤毛虫对磷虾危害性较大,其中吸虫的具体生命周期以及感染机制尚属未知。将来研究中,建议重点开展寄生虫与宿主之间的相互作用、感染机制、完整生命周期、寄生虫与磷虾体内细菌群落的关系以及磷虾性成熟度及年龄与寄生虫感染率和感染强度之间的关系等方面的工作。Antarctic krill has important commercial value and occupies a key position in the Antarctic food web,and is an important feeding object for most Antarctic animals.Therefore,it is crucial to understand the factors that affect Antarctic krill abundance and reproduction,among which the parasites that inhabit krill are often overlooked.In order to fully understand the types,literatures on parasitic forms and potential impacts of parasites on krill population,the life cycle,parasitic sites and infection characteristics of mesoparasites(Thalassomyces fagei),ectoparasites(Ephelota sp.)and internal parasites(Trematode)were systematically summarized and analyzed in this paper.The results showed that Ephelota sp.ciliates of the ectoparasite did not obtain energy directly from krill,because it was attached to the body surface of krill,it often needed to adapt to the frequent molting cycle of krill,while the older krill had a higher degree of attachment and infection due to the long molting cycle.The mesoparasite of Thalassomyces fagei was widely infected,the host specificity was low and it had four hazards to krill:1.make krill easier to be detected by predators;2.reduce krill's swimming ability;3.destroy krill's reproductive ability;4.change the behavior of krill.But its infection mechanism was not clear.Heteroxenous parasites of endoparasites(nematodes,trematodes)were less harmful to krill,while monoxenous gregarines and Pseudocollinia sp.ciliates were more harmful to krill.The specific life cycle and infection mechanism of trematodes were unknown.In the future,it is suggested to focus on revealing the interaction between parasite and host,infection mechanism,whole life cycle,the relationship between parasite and bacterial community in krill,and the relationship between the sexual maturity and age of krill and parasite infection rate and infection intensity.

关 键 词：南极磷虾 寄生虫 法式海腰鞭毛虫 吸管属纤毛虫 吸虫 

分 类 号：Q959.1[生物学—动物学] S945.1[农业科学—水产养殖]