不同精粗比对牦牛粪便菌群结构的影响  

Effect of different concentrate to forage ratios on the structure of microflora in yak manure

作　　者：聂洪辛 李毓敏 庞凯悦 柴沙驼[1,2,3,4] 申迪 曾子铭 廖扬 王迅 薛斌[1] 刘书杰 王书祥 杨英魁[1,2,3,4] NIE Hong-xin;LI Yu-min;PANG Kai-yue;CHAI Sha-tuo;SHEN Di;ZENG Zi-ming;LIAO Yang;WANG Xun;XUE Bin;LIU Shu-jie;WANG Shu-xiang;YANG Ying-kui(Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China;Yak Engineering Technology Research Centre of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Forage for Plateau Grazing Yak and Tibetan Sheep,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁810016 [4]农业农村部青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业学报》2023年第12期189-197,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0502301)资助。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究不同精粗比对牦牛粪便菌群结构的影响。选取24头体重相近、健康的3岁公牦牛,随机分成2组,分别饲喂低精粗比饲粮(35∶65,C_(35)组)和高精粗比饲粮(65∶35,C_(65)组)。预试期为15 d,试验期为90 d。运用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对粪便菌群结构变化进行分析。结果表明:1)2组共检测出1702个操作分类单元(OTU),其中两组共有的OTU数目为1273个,占总OTU数目的74.79%;C_(35)组的物种数、Chao1指数与Shannon指数显著高于C_(65)组(P<0.05)。2)在门水平下,C_(35)组牦牛粪便中髌细菌门和蓝藻菌门极显著高于C_(65)组(P<0.01),放线菌门显著高于C_(65)组(P<0.05);C_(65)组牦牛粪便中拟杆菌门、螺旋体门显著高于C_(35)组(P<0.05)。3)C_(35)组牦牛粪便中瘤胃球菌属极显著高于C_(65)组(P<0.01),毛螺菌科_NK3A20显著高于C_(65)组(P<0.05);C_(65)组牦牛粪便中未培养的属极显著高于C_(35)组(P<0.01),未培养细菌属、拟普雷沃氏菌属、密螺旋体属显著高于C_(35)组(P<0.05)。4)利用PICRUSt预测粪便微生物的代谢途径和功能,在KEGG2水平,C_(65)组复制和修复、翻译、核苷酸代谢、其他次生代谢物的合成、细胞生长和死亡的基因家族相对丰度极显著高于C_(35)组(P<0.01)。综上,饲粮精粗比显著影响了牦牛粪便菌群的多样性与丰富度。且饲喂高精粗比饲粮(65∶35)促进了牦牛粪便中非纤维降解菌的增殖,提高了拟普雷沃氏菌属的丰度值,但抑制了毛螺菌科的生长,研究结果丰富了对牦牛粪便菌群结构的认识。The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different ratios of concentrate to forage on the structure of the microflora in yak feces.Twenty-four healthy 3-year-old male yaks with similar body weight were randomly divided into two groups:One group was fed with a diet with a low concentrate to forage ratio(35∶65,C_(35) group),and the other group was fed with a diet with a high concentrate to forage ratio(65∶35,C_(65) group).The pretest lasted for 15 days and the experiment lasted for 90 days.Then,16S rDNA high throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the structural changes in fecal microflora.The main results were as follows:1)A total of 1702 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were detected in the feces of the two groups,among which 1273 OTUs(74.79%)were common to the two groups.The number of species,Chao1 index,and Shannon’s index were significantly higher in the C_(35) group than in the C_(65) group(P<0.05).2)In terms of species composition of the microflora in yak feces,at the phylum level,Patescibacteria and Cyanobacteria were significantly more abundant in the C_(35) group than in the C_(65) group(P<0.01),and Actinobacteriota were significantly more abundant in the C_(35) group than in the C_(65) group(P<0.05).Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota were more abundant in the C_(65) group than in the C_(35) group(P<0.05).3)Ruminococcus were significantly more abundant in the C_(35) group than in the C_(65) group(P<0.01),and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were significantly more abundant in the C_(35) group than in the C_(65) group(P<0.05).The number of uncultured was significantly higher in the C_(65) group than in the C_(35) group(P<0.01).The numbers of uncultured_bacterium,Alloprevotella,and Treponema were significantly higher in the C_(65) group than in the C_(35) group(P<0.05).4)Prediction of the metabolic pathways and functions of fecal microorganisms at the KEGG2 level using PICRUSt revealed a much higher relative abundance of gene families involved in replication and repair,translation,n

关 键 词：精粗比 牦牛 16S rDNA 粪便 微生物菌群 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]