不适用烟叶去除方式对烟叶光合速率及产质量的影响  

Effects of Unsuitable Tobacco Leaf Removal Methods on Photosynthetic Rate,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobaccos

作　　者：阎轶峰[1] 姜超强[1] 胡焕亮 沈嘉[1] 祖朝龙[1] 包丽辉 汪文杰 YAN Yi-feng;JIANG Chao-qiang;HU Huan-liang(Tobacco Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031;Chizhou Branch of Anhui Tobacco Cooperation,Chizhou,Anhui 247100)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省烟草公司池州市公司,安徽池州247100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第23期30-35,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：安徽省烟草公司池州市公司科技项目(2021001003004001);安徽省烟草公司科技项目(20180551009)。

摘　　要：为探讨适宜皖南烤烟适宜的去叶方式,采用田间小区试验,以云烟87为材料,根据不适用烟叶去除时间和数量设置4个处理:B1处理(打顶前10 d摘除3片脚叶、打顶时摘除1片顶叶),B2处理(打顶前5 d摘除3片脚叶、打顶时摘除1片顶叶),B3处理(打顶后5 d摘除4片脚叶),B4处理(打顶后10 d摘除4片脚叶),从烟叶光合特性、产量产值、化学成分、外观和感官质量等全面评价优烟叶优化结构的作用。结果表明,摘除不适用烟叶显著影响烟株剩余烟叶的净光合速率,B3处理较B1处理中部叶和上部叶的净光合速率分别明显降低46%和38%。B3处理烟叶上等烟比例和中上等烟比例均较高,分别较B1处理提高4.7和1.5百分点。B3处理可提高烟叶感官质量,可能是该去叶方式能够合理调控烤烟的光合作用和代谢强度,促进烤后烟叶化学成分更加协调,B3处理能够保障种烟效益、提高烟叶等级结构、提升烟叶感官质量。综合可见,打顶后5 d摘除4片脚叶是皖南烟区适宜的优化烟叶结构措施。A field experiment was carried out with flue-cured tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 to explore the optimal leaf removal method in south Anhui.Four treatments were set according to the removal time and number of unsuitable tobacco leaves:B1(removing 3 bottom leaves 10 days before topping and 1 parietal lobe when topping),B2(removing 3 bottom leaves 5 days before topping and 1 parietal lobe when topping),B3(removing 4 bottom leaves 5 days after topping),B4(removing 4 bottom leaves 10 days after topping).The effect of leaf removal method was evaluated comprehensively from photosynthetic characteristics,yield,chemical composition,appearance and sensory quality of tobacco leaf.The results showed that the removal of unsuitable tobacco leaves significantly affected the net photosynthetic rate of remaining tobacco leaves.Compared with B1,the net photosynthetic rate of middle leaf and upper leaf in B3 treatment was significantly decreased by 46%and 38%,respectively.The proportion of upper class tobacco and upper-middle class tobacco in B3 treatment were the highest among all treatments,which were increased by 4.7 and 1.5 percentage points compared with B1 treatment,respectively.The B3 treatment improved the sensory quality of tobacco leaves,which could reasonably regulate the photosynthetic rate and metabolic intensity of flue-cured tobacco and promote the chemical composition of cured tobacco leaves to be more coordinated.The B3 treatment could ensure the tobacco planting efficiency,increase the grade structure of tobacco leaves,and improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves.In summary,removing 4 bottom leaf 5 days after topping was an appropriate measure to optimize tobacco leaf structure in southern Anhui.

关 键 词：烤烟 不适用烟叶 去叶方式 光合速率 感官质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]