不同施肥模式对茶园土壤酸度和茶叶产量的影响  

Plantation Soil Acidity and Tea Yield Affected by Various Fertilizations

作　　者：江福英[1,2] 吴志丹 张磊[1] 陈玉真 尤志明[1,2] JIANG Fu-ying;WU Zhi-dan;ZHANG Lei;CHEN Yu-zhen;YOU Zhi-ming(Tea Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China;National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality,Fu'an,Fujian 355015,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所,福建福州350013 [2]国家土壤质量福安观测实验站,福建福安355015

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2023年第5期36-42,共7页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200900);国家茶叶产业技术体系(CARS-19);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2022R1029006、2023R1027001);福建省现代农业(茶叶)产业技术体系。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同化肥减施增效技术模式对茶园土壤酸度及茶叶产量的影响,为茶园合理施肥提供技术支持。【方法】采用田间试验方法,设置农户常规施肥(CF)、专用肥(SF)、新型肥料(NF)、生物炭基肥(BF)、专用肥+有机肥(SF+OM)、新型肥料+有机肥(NF+OM)6个施肥模式,开展为期两年(2018—2019年)的田间试验。【结果】与CF相比,SF、SF+OM处理土壤显著提升茶园表层土壤(0~20 cm)和亚表层(20~40 cm)土壤pH,降低表层土壤交换性酸和交换性铝含量,有效阻控茶园表层和亚表层土壤酸化;而NF、BF、NF+OM处理对茶园土壤酸度影响不显著。与CF相比,各施肥处理均表现为增产效应,其中SF、SF+OM、NF+OM处理2019年度茶叶产量显著提高。【结论】综合考虑土壤酸化阻控和茶叶增产效应,专用肥(SF)、专用肥+有机肥(SF+OM)施肥模式是本试验条件下一种较理想的茶园施肥管理措施,应用潜力较大。【Objective】Means to reduce fertilizer use and improve fertilization efficiency at tea plantations were investigated.【Method】A field experimentation was conducted using 6 different fertilization treatments on the lots for two consecutive years from 2018 to 2019.The proposed methods included conventional fertilization(CF)and an application of specialty fertilizer(SF),a new type of fertilizer(NF),a biochar-based fertilizer(BF),a specialty fertilizer+organic fertilizer(SF+OM),or a new type of fertilizer+organic fertilizer(NF+OM).Acidity of the plantation soil and yield of the tea bushes at the lots were determined.【Result】Either treatment of SF or SF+OM significantly increased the pH in the 0-20 cm surface and 20-40 cm subsurface soils over that of CF,decreased the contents of exchangeable acids and aluminum in the surface soil,and effectively controlled the acidification of the surface and subsurface soils.On the other hand,NF,BF or NF+OM exerted no significant effect on the soil acidity.Nevertheless,all tested approaches increased the tea yield.For instance,significant improvements were observed in 2019 by the treatment of SF,SF+OM or NF+OM.【Conclusion】Fertilization with SF or SF+OM on a tea plantation appeared to offer the farming management a plausible means to mitigate soil acidification and increase tea production.

关 键 词：茶园 减量施肥 土壤酸度 茶叶产量 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]