基于Stackelberg博弈的公共停车场停车收费定价模型构建  

Construction of pricing model for public parking based on Stackelberg game

作　　者：李聪颖[1] 任博冉 周勋朝 张洪涛 张大鹏 贾锦绣[4] LI Cong-ying;REN Bo-ran;ZHOU Xun-zhao;ZHANG Hong-tao;ZHANG Da-peng;JIA Jin-xiu(School of Civil Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;LONGI Green Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710100,China;School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;Xi’an Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710068,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学,土木工程学院,西安710055 [2]隆基绿能科技股份有限公司,西安710100 [3]中国人民大学,公共管理学院,北京100872 [4]西安市政设计研究院有限公司,西安710068

出　　处：《交通运输工程与信息学报》2023年第4期1-13,共13页Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JM-478);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72101255);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(21YJC790157)。

摘　　要：为了全面考虑停车收费定价对私家车出行者、停车场运营者、交通管理者三方停车参与者的影响,本文基于Stackelberg博弈构建了三方参与者共同决策的停车收费定价模型。引入效用理论分析三方参与者在停车收费定价中的行为特征,分别建立私家车出行者停车行为选择模型、停车场运营者运营利润模型和交通管理者社会负效用模型。针对三方参与者之间的交互关系,从博弈论角度分析三方参与者之间的相互影响,引入停放饱和度和道路饱和度作为新的停车收费定价影响因素,建立基于三方博弈下的停车收费定价模型并设计求解算法,并用咸阳市两个公共停车场的实测数据对停车收费定价模型进行求解。结果表明:当算例中的两个公共停车场收费费率分别为4.5元/h和3.9元/h时,停车需求为303个,私家车出行者的总出行成本之和为12999.41元,总运营利润之和为6902.17元,公共停车场的停放饱和度与期望值差距之和最小为0.35,周边道路的饱和度与期望值差距之和最小为1.51,为三方博弈下各利益主体间利益矛盾最小的停车收费定价方案。公共停车场停车收费定价模型可为公共停车场综合考虑三方主体需求制定停车收费策略提供参考。In this study,a tripartite decision-making parking pricing model was developed based on Stackelberg games to comprehensively reflect the impact of parking pricing on private car travelers,parking lot operators,and traffic managers.Utility theory is introduced to analyze the behavioral characteristics of the tripartite participants in parking pricing.A parking behavior model for private car travelers,an operating profit model for parking lot operators,and a social negative utility model for traffic managers are established.The article presents an analysis of the mutual influence between them based on a game theory perspective and introduces parking saturation and road saturation as new factors influencing parking pricing to address the interactive relationship among the tripartite participants.A parking pricing model based on tripartite games is established,and a solution algo-rithm is designed.The results indicate that when the parking fee rates for the two public parking lots in the scenario are 4.5 yuan/h and 3.9 yuan/h,respectively,the parking demand is 303,and the sum of the total travel costs of private car travelers and the total operating profits are 12999.41 and 6902.17 yuan,respectively.The parking saturation of the public parking lot and the difference be-tween the expected value are minimized to 0.35,and the road saturation and the difference between the expected value are minimized to 1.51,which is the parking pricing plan that minimizes the con-flicts of interest among the tripartite stakeholders in the tripartite game.The parking pricing model of public parking lot provides a reference for formulating parking fee strategies that comprehensively reflect the needs of the three parties involved in the public parking lot.

关 键 词：交通工程 公共停车场 停车收费定价 效用理论 STACKELBERG博弈 

分 类 号：U491.7[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] F299.24[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]