公交驾驶员职业心理问题研究综述  

Psychological problems of bus drivers:a comprehensive review

作　　者：葛姝欣 陈国俊[1] 刘好德[3] 周正 万志伟 GE Shu-xin;CHEN Guo-jun;LIU Hao-de;ZHOU Zheng;WAN Zhi-wei(School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063,China;Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone,Xiangyang 441106,China;China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center,China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Chongqing Public Transport,Chongqing 400020,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学,交通与物流工程学院,武汉430063 [2]武汉理工大学襄阳示范区,襄阳441106 [3]交通运输部科学研究院,城市交通与轨道交通研究中心,北京100029 [4]重庆市公共交通控股(集团)有限公司,重庆400020

出　　处：《交通运输工程与信息学报》2023年第4期75-91,共17页Journal of Transportation Engineering and Information

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3001500);武汉理工大学襄阳示范区研究生创新实践项目(XYDZ-2022B01)。

摘　　要：公交驾驶员心理健康是公交营运安全的重要因素。本文从公交驾驶员的职业心理问题现状出发,探讨了公交驾驶员职业心理问题的影响因素及现行的干预措施,最后指出公交驾驶员职业心理问题现有研究的侧重和未来发展方向。在公交驾驶员职业心理问题现状方面,本文首先基于VOSviewer从现有研究中提取出5种典型公交驾驶员职业心理问题,分别为抑郁、焦虑、躯体化症状、职业倦怠和其他职业心理问题;其次分别阐述了不同种类职业心理问题的危害,并利用Meta分析发现躯体化症状、焦虑、抑郁与常模之间差异显著。在职业心理问题的影响因素方面,本文对25篇文献进行综合分析后将职业心理问题影响因素归纳为个人属性因素和职业特征因素两类:个人属性因素主要包括人口统计学特征、人格特质和生活习惯;职业特征因素主要包括工作压力、工作时长、工作环境和工作待遇。在职业心理问题干预措施方面,现行干预主要有公交企业对公交驾驶员进行心理检测和评估、开展定期心理培训和提高福利待遇等三方面措施,并以入职前的心理检测和评估为主。Bus drivers’mental health is an important factor for bus operation safety.This study first examines the current status of professional psychological issues among bus drivers.The influencing factors and existing intervention measures for bus drivers’occupational psychological problems are then discussed.Finally,we highlight the focus of existing research on bus drivers’occupational psy-chological issues and suggests directions for future development.Based on VOSviewer,five typical psychological problems were identified from existing studies,namely depression,anxiety,somatic symptoms,occupational burnout,and other occupational psychological problems.We then elaborate the harm of different psychological problems.Meta-analysis revealed that somatization symptoms,anxiety,and depression of bus drivers are all significantly worse than the norm.Regarding the fac-tors influencing occupational psychological problems,we comprehensively analyze 25 pieces of liter-ature and categorize these factors into personal attributes and occupational characteristics.The for-mer includes demographic characteristics,personality traits,and lifestyle habits.The latter includes work pressure,working hours,working environment,and job compensation.In terms of intervention measures for occupational psychological problems,the current interventions primarily involve psy-chological testing and assessment by bus companies,regular psychological training,and improving welfare benefits for bus drivers.These interventions focus mainly on pre-employment testing and as-sessment.

关 键 词：城市交通 文献综述 公交驾驶员 职业心理问题 影响因素 干预措施 

分 类 号：U471.3[机械工程—车辆工程] U492.84[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]