刑事责任年龄个别下调的刑事诉讼应对  

Response by Criminal Proceedings in the Context of Lowering the Age of Individual Criminal Liabilities

作　　者：程龙[1] Cheng Long

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2023年第6期113-129,共17页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“人工智能辅助量刑研究”(20CFX004)的支持.

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十一)》对刑事责任年龄的个别下调不仅是一个刑法调整问题,同时也需要刑事诉讼制度予以配合.在法理上,刑事诉讼具有调整、补充和限制刑法功能实现的效果.刑事诉讼理论一方面应当促进对低龄未成年人恶性犯罪的惩治,另一方面也要充分实现对未成年犯罪人的保护与矫治.刑事责任年龄个别下调需要谨慎的诉讼应对,其中,作为诉讼要件的最高人民检察院核准追诉成了关键环节,理应对其体系定位和规范效力进行充分讨论,以妥善处理核准追诉前强制措施采取及不核准的法律后果等问题.在具体诉讼制度上,应认真对待不起诉制度、认罪认罚从宽和犯罪记录封存在低龄未成年人刑事诉讼中的适用问题.拓展未成年人特别诉讼程序的制度设计,更加重视辩护律师的帮助,坚持宽严相济和教育挽救未成年人的刑事政策,以求得对低龄未成年人犯罪的刑事诉讼正确处置.Lowering the age of individual criminal liabilities in the Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law is not merely an amendment to the criminal law,but also requires the coordination of the criminal procedure system.In terms of legal principle,criminal proceedings have the effect of adjusting,supplementing and limiting the functions of criminal law.On the one hand,the theory of criminal proceedings should promote the punishment of low-age minors who commit vicious crimes;on the other hand,it should fully protect and rectify juvenile offenders.Lowering the age of individual criminal liabilities requires careful response in litigations.As a procedural requirement,the approval and prosecution by the Supreme People s Procuratorate becomes a key link,where there should be adequate discussion of its system positioning and normative effectiveness for properly dealing with the issues such as the adoption of compulsory measures before the approval and prosecution and the legal consequences of non-approval.In terms of specific litigation systems,the application of the non-prosecution,leniency for confession and acceptance of punishment and the non-disclosure of criminal records for low-age minors in criminal proceedings should be taken seriously.Furthermore,it is necessary to expand the system design of special litigation proceedings for minors,pay more attention to the help of defense lawyers,and adhere to the criminal policy of combination of punishment,leniency and education of minors,thereby handling the criminal proceedings of low-age minors properly.

关 键 词：刑事责任年龄 刑法修正案(十一) 未成年人犯罪 认罪认罚从宽 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]