轨道车辆碰撞试验台CO_(2)相变驱动过程仿真研究  

Simulation Study on Driving Process Powered by CO_(2) Phase Transition of Rail Vehicle Collision Testbed

作　　者：王甲强 鲁寨军[1,2,3] 刘东润 张梓轩 李田[1,2,3] 姚术健 WANG Jiaqiang;LU Zhaijun;LIU Dongrun;ZHANG Zixuan;LI Tian;YAO Shujian(School of Traffic&Transportation,Engineering,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on the Track of Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第6期113-124,共12页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4300304);湖南省科技创新计划项目(2023RC1026);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30786);中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司课题(2022-kj-71,2022-kj-72)。

摘　　要：由于现有设备条件下空气炮驱动的轨道列车碰撞试验台无法满足更高试验速度的要求,提出使用CO_(2)相变动力驱动试验车辆加速。基于质量守恒定律、能量守恒定律和CO_(2)真实气体模型,建立驱动系统做功过程数值模型;对模型求解后,通过试验验证模型计算精度;通过数值模型,对比研究空气与CO_(2)的做功性能,并分析储液缸初始压力、初始温度和驱动缸初始容积对CO_(2)做功特性的影响规律。结果表明:模型能够有效模拟CO_(2)液气相变驱动试验车做功过程;在结构条件相同且驱动工质的质量为170 kg、初始压力为20 MPa时,以CO_(2)作为驱动工质时驱动时间较空气缩短10.5%,试验车获得的末速度较空气增大21.2%;储液缸初始压力由8MPa增至20 MPa时,试验车末速度增大58.3%,加速时间减少32.2%;初始温度对驱动缸内CO_(2)相态影响较大,温度越低时,其相态越容易接近气液饱和线;驱动缸初始容积对加速时间、试验车过载和活塞所受冲击影响较大,初始容积为0.20 m3时较0.01 m3时最大过载减小23.07%,但所用时间增加20.9%。This study proposes using carbon dioxide phase transition power to drive the acceleration of the test car,aiming to solve the problem that the air cannon of the rail vehicle collision testbed cannot drive the test car to meet the requirements of higher test speed under existing equipment conditions.Based on the law of mass conservation,energy conservation,and the real gas properties of carbon dioxide,a numerical model of the work process of the driving system was developed.After solving the model,the calculation accuracy of the model was validated through experiments.Through numerical model,the power performance of air and carbon dioxide was compared,and the effects of initial pressure and temperature,as well as the initial volume of the cylinder on the power performance of carbon dioxide were analyzed.The results indicated that the model effectively simulated the power process of the test car when driven by the liquid-gas phase transition of carbon dioxide.Under the same structural conditions,the use of CO_(2) as a driving medium resulted in a 10.5%reduction in drive time,a 21.2%increase in final speed compared with that of air.This was observed with an initial pressure of 20 MPa and a driving medium mass of 170 kg.Additionally,increasing the initial pressure from 8 MPa to 20 MPa in the reservoir cylinder led to a 58.3%increase in the test car's final speed and a 32.2%decrease in acceleration time.The initial temperature has a significant effect on the phase state of CO_(2) in the drive cylinder,with lower temperature favoring a phase state closer to the gas-liquid saturation line.Moreover,the initial volume of the drive cylinder has great effect on the acceleration time,test car overload,and piston impact.Specifically,when the initial volume increases from 0.01 m3 to 0.20 m3,the maximum overload decreases by 23.07%,but the time spent increases by 20.9%.

关 键 词：轨道车辆 列车碰撞试验台 CO_(2)相变 空气 气动弹射 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]