论在线民事诉讼等效原则  

On the Principle of Equivalence in Online Civil Proceedings

作　　者：翁晓斌[1] 赵丹阳 WENG Xiao-bin;ZHAO Dan-yang

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2023年第6期111-122,共12页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：2023年上海全面依法治市调研课题项目“超大城市治理中数字技术赋能民事诉讼繁简分流研究”(KT2023164)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2021年修正的《民事诉讼法》第16条首次确立了在线民事诉讼等效原则。民事诉讼活动通过信息网络平台在线进行的,与线下诉讼活动具有同等法律效力。在线民事诉讼等效原则的确立为在线诉讼法律性质、合法性根据和程序正当性提供了法律依据。与此同时,在线诉讼重塑了民事诉讼的开展形式,对传统民事诉讼产生了巨大的冲击,招致了许多批评和质疑。具体而言,在线诉讼场景、诉讼程序、审理模式和诉讼载体等方面,在线诉讼与线下诉讼具有较大差异。但不可否认的是,在某些案件中,在线诉讼并未实质减损实体正义和程序公正价值。因此,值得研究的问题是,如何谨慎鼓励和逐步推进在线民事诉讼程序的适用与完善。其基本优化路径为,在观念层面、程序层面和技术层面,分别赋予在线民事诉讼新的价值内涵,规制异步审理模式,统一在线诉讼平台法律功能,最终实现在线民事诉讼体系化建设。Article 16 of the Civil Procedure Law,amended in 2021,establishes for the first time the principle of equivalence in online civil proceedings.Where civil litigation activities are conducted online through information network platforms,they have the same legal effect as offline litigation activities.The establishment of the principle of equivalence in online civil litigation provides a legal basis for the legal nature,legality basis and procedural legitimacy of online litigation.At the same time,online litigation has reshaped the form of civil litigation,which has had a huge impact on the traditional form of litigation and attracted many criticisms and questions.Specifically,online litigation is quite different from offline litigation in terms of litigation scenarios,litigation procedures,trial modes and litigation carriers.It is impossible to deny that online litigation has not materially diminished the value of substantive and procedural justice in some cases.Therefore,it is worth studying how to carefully encourage and gradually promote the application and improvement of online civil litigation procedures.And its basic optimization path is to give new value meaning to online civil litigation,regulate the asynchronous trial mode,and unify the legal functions of the online litigation platform at the conceptual,procedural and technical levels in order to realize the systematic construction of online civil litigation in the end.

关 键 词：在线民事诉讼 等效原则 异步审理 信息网络平台 

分 类 号：DF72[政治法律—诉讼法学]