香菇菌糠高效降解菌株的筛选及其酶活特征  

Screening and enzyme activity characteristics of highly efficient microbial strains degrading spent Lentinula edodes substrate

作　　者：李双琳 魏玉莲[2] 袁海生[2] LI Shuanglin;WEI Yulian;YUAN Haisheng(School of Environmental and Safety Engineering,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,Liaoning,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳化工大学环境与安全工程学院,辽宁沈阳110142 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《菌物学报》2023年第11期2269-2284,共16页Mycosystema

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32070018,32270017)。

摘　　要：由于香菇菌糠纤维素含量过高,作为菌肥难以被农作物直接利用,为了更好地解决香菇菌糠降解缓慢的问题,本研究以菌株酶活力和菌糠失重率为指标对8株真菌和6株细菌菌株进行香菇菌糠降解优选菌株的筛选,确定了降解能力较高的2株真菌和2株细菌,分别为桦褶孔菌Lenzites betulina和一色齿毛菌Cerrena unicolor,无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter amalonaticus和变栖克雷伯氏菌Klebsiella variicola;在此基础上研究这4株菌在降解香菇菌糠过程中降解酶活、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素以及主要营养成分的动态变化和肥力测定。研究结果显示,桦褶孔菌对木质素降解效果显著,降解率达到56.35%;无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌对半纤维素降解效果良好,达到61.51%。通过对全碳、全氮的测定,发现4种菌株降解后的菌糠氮含量均高于对照组,表明加入菌剂后在一定程度上缓解了氮元素的损失量,增加了菌糠肥力。本研究通过比较研究不同类型的微生物对菌糠降解的理化特征,明确真菌和细菌在菌糠降解过程中具有不同的功能特征,为今后对香菇菌糠发酵堆肥、制备微生物复合菌剂研究方面提供重要的参考价值。The high content of cellulose in spent Lentinula edodes substrate is difficult to be directly utilized by crops as a fertilizer,and the problem of slow degradation of the waste awaits better solution.In this study,eight fungal and six bacterial strains were screened for degrading spent L.edodes substrate by using their enzyme activity and spent L.edodes substrate weight loss ratio as screening indexes,and two fungal and two bacterial strains with high degradation capacity were obtained.The two fungal strains are Lenzites betulina and Cerrena unicolor,and the two bacterial strains are Citrobacter amalonaticus and Klebsiella variicola.The dynamic changes of enzyme activity,cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin and main nutrients of these 4 strains during the degradation of spent L.edodes substrate were studied,and fertility determination of degraded spent substrate was carried out.The results showed that L.betulina had a significant effect on lignin degradation,and the degradation ratio reached 56.35%;C.amalonaticus had a good degradation effect on hemicellulose,reaching 61.51%.Through the determination of total C and total N,it was found that the nitrogen content after degradation by four strains was higher than that of the control,indicating that nitrogen loss was alleviated to a certain extent and the fertility of bran increased.By comparing the physicochemical characteristics of spent L.edodes substrate degradation caused by different types of microorganisms,it was clear that fungi and bacteria have different functional characteristics in the process of spent L.edodes substrate degradation,and this finding provides important reference for future research on fermented compost and preparation of microbial compound fertilizer.

关 键 词：香菇菌糠 降解菌株筛选 酶活力 

分 类 号：S646.12[农业科学—蔬菜学]