生态人类学的四个时代——基于“自然—文化”关系理论范式转换的分析  

Four Eras of Ecological Anthropology——Analysis Based on the Transformation of Theoretical Paradigm about"Nature-Culture"Relationship

作　　者：罗意[1] 张欣[1] LUO Yi;ZHANG Xin

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学,新疆乌鲁木齐830017

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2023年第3期34-43,共10页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新疆牧区乡村振兴进程中优化牧民生计策略调查研究”(批准号:22BMZ009);2023年新时代党的治疆方略理论与实践研究重点课题“新疆各民族在空间、文化、经济、社会、心理等方面全方位嵌入路径研究”(批准号:2023ZJFLZ05)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：生态人类学虽然诞生于20世纪60年代,但却有着深厚的人类学根基,发展出多种关于“自然—文化”关系的理论范式。文章以相关理论范式的转换为主轴,将生态人类学的发展区分为先声、形成、发展与拓展四个时代,对不同时代的代表性研究与观点做了精细梳理。生态人类学关于“自然—文化”关系理论范式的转换源自不同时期研究人群及其面临的环境问题之差异,受到了人类学主流理论研究范式变换的影响,也是对研究人群与人类学家所处世界之变化的回应。随着“本体论转向”思潮的发展,生态人类学日益走向人类学的中心,并在“人与自然生命共同体”的构建中展现出强盛的生命力。Although ecological Anthropology was born in the 1960s,but it has a deep anthropological foundation and has developed various theoretical paradigms about'nature-culture"relationship.The article takes the transformation of relevant theoretical paradigms as the main axis,divides the development of ecological anthropology into four eras,and meticulously figures out representative researches and viewpoints of different eras.According to this article,the transformation of the theoretical paradigm about the"nature-culture"relationship in ecological anthropology stems from the differences of ethnic groups studied by anthropologist and different problems that these ethnic groups face.It is influenced by the transformation of mainstream anthropological research paradigms too.It should be seen as the response to the changes of the world in which anthropologist and these ethnic groups studied by anthropologist live in.This article points out that ecological anthropology is increasingly moving towards the center of anthropology and shows strong vitality in the construction of the"Community of Human and Natural Life".

关 键 词：生态人类学 “自然—文化”关系 理论范式 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]