新时代西藏农牧区居民人情消费变迁研究——基于西藏4个农牧区社区田野调查  

Investigation on the Changes of Consumer Behavior in Human Relationships of Residents in Xizang Agricultural and Pastoral Areas in the New Era:Based on Fieldwork of Four Communities in Agricultural and Pastoral Areas of Xizang

作　　者：李中锋 梁坤[2] Li Zhongfeng;Liang Kun(Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences,Chengdu,610072,Sichuan;School of Economics,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610065,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院,四川成都610071 [2]四川大学经济学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第6期60-68,146,共10页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“西藏农牧区脱贫致富进程中的传统观念转型现状调查研究”(19XMZ082)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人情消费是人们习俗观念在日常生活中的集中反映,考察新时代西藏农牧民人情消费变迁情况,可以更加全面、深刻理解西藏农牧区全面小康的历史性变革及成就。西藏农牧区居民传统的建立在血缘和亲缘关系上、较为封闭狭小的农牧民人情消费情况正在拓展变化:一是随着家庭财富积累不断增加、市场体系日趋完善及购买商品更为便捷,农牧民馈赠礼物的商品化程度提高;二是随着社会分工细化、参与市场活动机会增多,农牧民普遍对业缘关系更加重视;三是随着生产力发展、基础设施日益完善及人情往来的信息沟通成本极大降低,农牧民家庭成员的升学就业等前景十分宽广,人情消费场景更加复杂化。新时代西藏农牧民人情消费变迁是生产力发展、经济发展、社会进步等共同作用的结果,充分反映了农牧区居民的消费理性、各民族交往交流交融的日益广泛、传统观念不断向更加适应社会主义现代化建设的方向转型。Consumption in human relationships(also called gift expenditures)is a basic economic phenomenon in social activities.Moreover,consumption in human relationships is also a type of behavior with substantial cultural significance.Specifically,consumption in human relationships can be defined as the exchange of money,goods,or labor services between people in the process of human relationships.In order to gain an in-depth understanding into the changes in gift expenditures of farmers and herders in Xizang since the 18th CPC National Congress,this study selected four sample villages and conducted systematic thematic field research based on the household interview method,questionnaire method,and ethnography method around the consumption of farmers and shepherds from 2018 to 2020.Judging from the results of this field investigation,traditional human relationship consumer behavior among farmers and shepherds in Xizang was previously relatively closed and narrow and based on blood and kinship,but is currently has been expanding and changing:Firstly,results show that with the increasing accumulation of family wealth and the improvement of the market system,the purchase of goods has become more convenient,and the commercialization of gifts has increased.Secondly,with the refinement of the social division of labor,the opportunities to participate in market activities have increased and farmers and shepherds have generally paid more attention to professional networking to obtain more market information and seize more market opportunities.Thirdly,with the development of productivity and the gradual improvement of infrastructure,the cost of communications and data exchange in human interactions has been greatly reduced.What is more,the prospects for enrolment and employment of family members of farmers and herders have become very broad,and subsequently the scene of gift expenditures has become more complex.Generally speaking,in this new era of China the behavioral changes in gift expenditures of farmers and shepherds in Xizang

关 键 词：新时代 西藏 农牧区居民 人情消费 变迁 

分 类 号：C957[社会学—民族学]