城市客运自动驾驶商业化运营面临的挑战及对策建议  

Challenges and Countermeasures for Commercial Operation of Autonomous Driving in Urban Passenger Transport

作　　者：祁昊 吴忠宜[1,2] 宜毛毛 宋德王 QI Hao;WU Zhongyi;YI Maomao;SONG Dewang(China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Science,MOT,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Baidu Netcom Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [2]城市公共交通智能化交通运输行业重点实验室,北京100029 [3]北京百度网讯科技有限公司,北京100193

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2023年第5期105-112,共8页Transport Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61973028);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20234807)。

摘　　要：随着自动驾驶技术的不断成熟,自动驾驶正逐步从科研驱动创新向产业驱动应用发展,但城市客运自动驾驶商业化进展不及预期。为了找出其中存在的问题并提出解决之道,从而为推动我国城市客运自动驾驶的健康可持续发展提供理论参考,首先,梳理了国内外自动驾驶商业化运营的发展现状,总结了我国在政策法规、标准规范、示范应用等方面取得的成效与突破;其次,分析了自动驾驶在数字经济、汽车产业、行业转型、产业应用、技术创新等方面的发展形势;然后,剖析了我国城市客运自动驾驶商业化面临的主要问题与挑战,包括利益相关方认识不统一、部门间协同联动不足、安全风险不可控、配套保障体系缺失、可持续发展能力不足等;最后,从管理体制机制、核心技术攻关、关键政策法规、闭环商业模式、配套保障体系等方面提出了对策建议。As the autonomous driving technology continues to mature,it is gradually evolving from research-driven innovation to industry-driven implementation.However,the progress of commercialization of urban passenger transport autonomous driving is not as expected.The purpose of the article was to identify the existing problems and propose solutions,thereby providing theoretical reference for promoting the healthy and sustainable development of autonomous driving in urban passenger transport in China.Firstly,the development status of commercial operation of autonomous driving at home and abroad was reviewed,and the achievements and breakthroughs achieved in policies,regulations,standards,and demonstration applications in China were summarized.Secondly,the development situation of autonomous driving in the digital economy,automotive industry,industry transformation,industrial application,and technological innovation was analyzed.Subsequently,the main issues and challenges encountered in the commercialization of autonomous driving in urban passenger transportation in China were delved into,including inconsistent understanding among stakeholders,inadequate collaboration and linkage among departments,uncontrollable safety risk,lack of supporting security systems,and insufficient capacity for sustainable development.Finally,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from various aspects,including management system and mechanism,core technology research,key policies and regulations,closed-loop business model,and supporting guarantee system.

关 键 词：城市客运 自动驾驶 商业化运营 政策法规 安全风险 保障体系 可持续发展 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]