可撤销婚姻中重大疾病的认定研究  

Discuss on the"Serious Disease"of Annulment of Marriage

作　　者：张融[1] ZHANG Rong(School of Law,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi,541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学法学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《医学与社会》2023年第12期26-32,共7页Medicine and Society

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目,编号为16BFX012;教育部人文社会科学研究项目,编号为19XJC820002。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》新增设了隐瞒重大疾病时,可撤销婚姻的条款,但未明确规定何为重大疾病,这给司法实践带来适用难题。为解决实践难题,以立法的价值理念为视角,认定重大疾病。通过剖析立法沿革,提取“隐瞒重大疾病”婚姻可撤销事由所蕴含的理念,提出在该新增设事由的背后,蕴含的个人自由和兼爱弱者理念。因此,在重大疾病的认定中,应侧重从个人意愿的角度去理解,但也要兼顾婚姻家庭关系中弱者的利益。这意味着法院在认定重大疾病时,不以被隐瞒方的个人意愿作为唯一依据,而应适当考虑婚姻家庭关系中弱者的利益,认定被隐瞒方所称的疾病是否属于重大疾病。重大疾病的类别包括了不可治愈疾病、严重影响被隐瞒方权益的可治愈疾病。但是,如果被隐瞒方在提起婚姻撤销诉讼时,隐瞒方的疾病已经治愈,法院则不应再对婚姻进行撤销。The Civil Code adds a new reason for annulment of marriage"concealing a serious disease"in the system of annulment of marriage,but it is not clearly define the definition of"serious disease",which brings a difficult application problem to judicial practice.In order to solve the practical problems,this paper intends to define"serious diseases"from the perspective of legislative value concept.In conclusion,through the analysis of the legislative reform,the article extracts the value concept contained in the cause of"concealing serious illness"marriage annulment,and proposes that behind the new addition of the cause,contains the value concept of individual freedom and the weak.Therefore,we should focus on understanding from the perspective of personal will,but also take into account the interests of the weak in marriage and family relations.This means that when determining a serious disease,the court should not take the personal will of the concealed party as the sole basis,but should give due consideration to the interests of the weak in the marriage and family relationship,and determine whether the disease claimed by the concealed party is a serious disease.Below that,the category of critical diseases includes incurable diseases and curable diseases that seriously affect the rights and interests of the concealment party.If,however,the concealment party has been cured of his illness at the time of filing an action for annulment,the court shall not revoke the marriage.

关 键 词：卫生法 重大疾病 可撤销婚姻 认定 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]