小胶质细胞极化在视网膜退行性疾病发病过程中的作用研究进展  

Advances in the role of microglia polarization in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases

作　　者：张海燕[1] 莫亚[2] ZHANG Haiyan;MO Ya(Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 610071,Sichuan Province,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 610072,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学,四川省成都市610071 [2]成都中医药大学附属医院眼科,四川省成都市610072

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2023年第12期997-1000,共4页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:82274586);四川省科技计划项目(编号:2021YJ0252);成都中医药大学“杏林学者”项目(编号:XKTD2022005,KPZX2022008)。

摘　　要：小胶质细胞参与视网膜退行性疾病的发生和发展,小胶质细胞的激活是视网膜退行性疾病发生的共同标志。小胶质细胞可以被不同的外部刺激因素激活,细胞极化为功能状态和表面标志物不同的两种表型。经典激活途径产生M1型小胶质细胞,主要发挥促炎和神经毒性作用;选择性激活途径产生M2型小胶质细胞,主要发挥抗炎及神经保护作用。精准地调控小胶质细胞的极化是治疗视网膜退行性疾病极具潜力的方法。本文对小胶质细胞极化在视网膜退行性疾病发病过程中的作用进行综述,旨在为视网膜退行性疾病的治疗开辟新的途径和研究思路。Microglia is involved in the occurrence and development of retinal degenerative diseases,thus its activation is a marker for retinal degenerative diseases.Microglia can be activated by different external stimulating factors and polarized into two phenotypes with different functional states and surface markers.The classical activation pathway produces M1 phenotype microglia,which mainly exerts pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic effects;the selective activation pathway produces M2 phenotype microglia,which mainly exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.Precise modulation of microglia polarization is a promising approach for treating retinal degenerative diseases.This paper reviews the role of microglia polarization in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases,aiming to pioneer new avenues and research ideas for treating retinal degenerative diseases.

关 键 词：视网膜退行性疾病 小胶质细胞极化 M1型小胶质细胞 M2型小胶质细胞 

分 类 号：R774[医药卫生—眼科]