气候变化对扎龙自然保护区植被生产力的影响  

Effects of Climate Change on Vegetation Productivity in Zhalong Nature Reserve

作　　者：于成龙[1] 刘丹[1] 殷世平[1] Yu Chenglong;Liu Dan;Yin Shiping(Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第5期220-226,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目“黑龙江省森林碳收支评估、预测及气候风险预警”(LH2022D023)。

摘　　要：[目的]准确了解2010年以来扎龙自然保护区生态变化,为提高湿地生态系统服务价值评估能力提供数据支持和理论参考。[方法]基于遥感、气象、地面协同观测数据,利用CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型、GSMSR(Geostatistical Model of Soil Respiration)模型和回归分析等统计方法,分析气候变化对2010—2020年扎龙自然保护区土地覆盖、植被生态质量、净生态系统生产力(NEP)等的影响。[结果](1)扎龙自然保护区的主要土地覆盖类型为有水草甸,占保护区面积的37.24%,主要分布在核心区,但面积总体呈下降趋势;(2)植被覆盖度呈波动增长趋势,年最高植被覆盖度平均为74.62%;(3)植被生态质量指数呈增加趋势,2019,2020年处于“好”等级;NEP平均为253.59 g/(m^(2)·a)(以C计),呈现东高西低的空间分布特征;(4)生长季平均固碳量为5.69×10^(5) t/a,释氧量1.52×10^(6) t/a,均存在上升趋势;(5)气温对生态监测指标的影响大于降水量。[结论]扎龙自然保护区是嫩江流域生态最为脆弱的区域,植被生产力受气候影响大,需要加强生态保护和修复。[Objective]The ecological changes in Zhalong Nature Reserve since 2010 were studied accurately in order to provide data support and theoretical references for improving the ability to assess the value of wetland ecosystem services.[Methods]Based on remote sensing,meteorology,and ground-based observation data,the impacts of climate change on land cover,vegetation ecological quality,and net ecological productivity in Zhalong Nature Reserve were analyzed using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA)model,the Geostatistical Model of Soil Respiration(GSMSR)model,regression analysis,and other statistical methods.[Results]①The main land cover type in Zhalong Nature Reserve was a water-bearing meadow,which accounted for 37.24%of the total area of the reserve,and was mainly located in the core area.This land cover type showed a downward trend over time in the area.②Vegetation coverage showed a fluctuating growth pattern,with annual maximum vegetation coverage of 74.26%.③The vegetation ecological quality index showed an increasing trend and was characterized as being in the good level in 2019 and 2020.The average net ecological productivity(NEP)was 253.59 g/(m^(2)·yr)(calculated in C),and showed a spatial distribution pattern of higher in the east and lower in the west.④The average carbon fixation during the growing season was 5.694×10^(5) tons/yr,and the oxygen release was 1.517×10^(6) tons/yr,both of which showed upward trends.⑤The impacts of air temperature on ecological monitoring indicators were greater than the impacts of precipitation.[Conclusion]Zhalong Nature Reserve is the most ecologically fragile area in Nenjiang River basin,and its vegetation productivity is greatly affected by climate.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen ecological protection and restoration.

关 键 词：固碳释氧 气候影响 植被生产力 净生态系统生产力 扎龙湿地 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]