高校R&D投入产出效率实证研究——基于二阶段DEA-VRS模型及超效率模型的分析  

R&D Input-output Efficiency of Colleges and Universities:Analysis Based on Two-Stage DEA-VRS Modeland Super Efficiency Model

作　　者：何小雨 HE Xiao-yu(Finance Office,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学财务处,武汉430070

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期136-145,共10页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：当前,我国经济发展呈现出收入增速放缓、收支矛盾加大的阶段性特点,而我国财政方面的大政方针要求教育经费只增不减,高校R&D活动的拨入经费也快速增长。与此同时,中共二十大擘画的宏伟蓝图对高等教育提出了更高质量的要求,高校R&D活动绩效的重要性凸显。本文选取我国高等学校2020—2021年R&D活动作为研究对象,按省份划分为31个不同地区,以省份为决策单位(DMU)建立二阶段产出导向DEA-VRS模型及进阶超效率模型进行测算,结果显示:我国67.74%的地区高校人、财、物管理与调配是科学合理的,经济最发达的华东地区高校R&D活动的研发人员存在较大的冗余;各省均不处于规模收益递增状态;青海省、西藏自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区等偏远地区的高校R&D活动效率较高。针对研究中发现的问题,提出了多部门协同统筹,强化中西部就业引导政策,完善人才考核体系,提升科技管理水平,盘活投入要素,大力推进产学研一体化协同发展等相关建议。Currently,China’s economic development is characterized by the stage of slowing down of income growth and increasing contradiction between income and expenditure,while China’s major policy on the financial side requires that education funding only increase,and the funds allocated to R&D activities in colleges and universities are also growing rapidly.Meanwhile,the grand blueprint drawn by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has put forward higher quality requirements for higher education,and the importance of the performance of R&D activities in colleges and universities has come to the fore.In this paper,the R&D activities of Chinese colleges and universities from 2020 to 2021 are selected as the research object.It is divided into 31 different regions by province,and the two-stage output-oriented DEA-VRS model and the advanced super-efficiency model are established with provinces as decision making units(DMU)for measurement and calculation.The results show that 67.74%of China’s regional colleges and universities have scientific and reasonable management and allocation of human,financial and material resources.There is a large redundancy of R&D personnel in R&D activities in colleges and universities in the most economically developed East China and none of the provinces are in the state of increasing returns to scale.The R&D activities of colleges and universities in remote areas such as Qinghai Province,Xizang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region are more efficient.For the problems found in the study,this paper puts forward relevant reference suggestions:multi-sector collaboration for optimization;strengthen the employment guidance policy in the central and western regions;improve the talent assessment system;promote the level of science and technology management;revitalize input factors;vigorously advance the coordinated development of industry-university-research integration.

关 键 词：二阶段DEA 超效率DEA 高校R&D 投入与产出 

分 类 号：G526.7[文化科学—教育学] G526.3[文化科学—教育技术学]