民族教育差别化支持政策的执行困境与优化路径——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析  

Study on the Dilemmas and Path Choice of the Implementation of the Differentiated Ethnic Education Support Policies Based on Smith's Policy Implementation Process Model

作　　者：苏德[1] 马晓斐 SU De;MA Xiao-fei(College of Education,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学教育学院,北京100081

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2023年第4期37-46,共10页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金教育学项目国家青年课题“新时代民族团结教育话语体系的生成与本土建构研究”(项目编号:CMA210237)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：实施民族教育差别化支持政策是时代变迁与社会发展的必然要求,是坚持和完善民族区域自治制度、加强和改进党的民族工作以及全面推进民族团结进步事业的重要举措。借助史密斯政策执行过程模型,有效厘清民族教育差别化支持政策执行各要素间的相互关系,系统把握执行样态。通过分析民族教育差别化支持政策执行中的困境,发现政策文本的内在局限、治理结构的协调不畅、执行主体的素质欠佳、目标群体的认知偏差及外部支持力度不足等都是阻滞政策有效执行的重要因素。破解政策执行困境的关键在于,认识政策的整体性、系统性及复杂性,耦合政策文本的顶层设计与基层实施,实现执行机构的高位推动与联动治理,加强引才留人与提升人员执行能力,打破目标群体的固化认知与激发其内生动力,持续优化政策执行环境。It is the inevitable requirement of the change of times and the development of society to carry out the policy of differentiated support for ethnic education,and it is an important measure to uphold and improve the system of regional national autonomy,strengthen and improve the party's ethnic work and advance the cause of national unity and progress in an all-round way.With the help of Smith's policy implementation process model,this study can effectively clarify the relationship between the various elements of policy implementation,and systematically grasp the implementation dynamics.Through the analysis of the dilemmas in the implementation of the differentiated ethnic education support policies,it is found that the internal limitations of the policy text,the poor coordination of the governance structure,the poor quality of the executive subject,the cognitive bias of the target group and the lack of external support are all important factors hindering the effective implementation of the policy.The key to solving the dilemmas of policy implementation lies in understanding the integrity,systematicness and complexity of policy,coupling the toplevel design of policy text with the implementation at the grass-roots level,and realizing the high-level promotion and linkage governance of executive agencies,to strengthen the recruitment and retention of personnel and enhance the executive ability,break the target group's fixed cognition and stimulate its endogenous motivation,and continue to optimize the policy implementation environment.

关 键 词：民族教育政策 差别化支持 政策执行 史密斯模型 

分 类 号：G750[文化科学—教育学]