三角诈骗:肯定立场、构成特征与实践展开  

Triangular Fraud:Affirmative Stance,Constituent Features,and Practical Implications

作　　者：付立庆[1] FU Liqing

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第12期61-73,共13页Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“诈骗罪的构造及其展开研究”(项目编号:20BFX064)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：理论上存在三角诈骗否定论的主张,但其理由不成立:相应犯罪类型无法消解于间接正犯性质的盗窃或者两者间的诈骗之中,认为难以找到三角诈骗中要求处分行为人“处分权限与地位”之充分依据的见解,也不可靠。三角诈骗概念能够准确而直观地说明特定法益侵害的构造,值得肯定,且我国立法上也可找出肯定三角诈骗的实定法依据。主张被欺骗人与处分行为人并非同一人的场合也能成立三角诈骗,是将处分行为理解为纯粹的事实行为、将处分行为人理解为被害人、将财物转移本身理解为财产损害,会导致诈骗罪法益侵害的形骸化。主张处分自己的财产而使他人遭受损失时也构成三角诈骗、表见代理型骗财案即属此种诈骗,在方法论、前提、核心要素理解等方面存在疑问。三角诈骗的构成特征可归结为“被骗者与处分人的同一”以及“处分人与被害人的分离”。There are theoretical arguments challenging the existence of triangular fraud,but the reasons cannot stands,the corresponding criminal type cannot be dissolved into larceny conducted by an innocent agent or fraud between two parties,and the opinion that it is difficult to find sufficient reasons for requiring the disposer to have"disposition authority and status"in triangular fraud does not work.The concept of triangular fraud can accurately and intuitively explain the structure of specific legal interests infringed,thus deserving affirmation.Moreover,a positive-law basis for affirming triangular fraud can be found in the laws of China.The assertion that triangular fraud can be established in cases where the deceived party and the disposing party are not the same person interprets the act of disposition as a purely factual act,the disposing party as the victim,and the transfer of property itself as property damage,leading to the formalization of infringement upon the legal interest of the crime of fraud.The opinion that disposing of one’s own property resulting in loss to others also constitutes triangular fraud,and cases of apparent-agency fraud fall under this category are questionable in terms of methodology,prerequisites,and core elements.The constituent features of triangular fraud can be summarized as"the deceived party being the disposing party"and"the disposing party being not the victim".

关 键 词：三角诈骗 诈骗罪的定型性 被骗者与处分人的同一 处分人与被害人的分离 诉讼诈骗 

分 类 号：DF625[政治法律—刑法学]