我国本科生全科医学教育教学情况调查研究  

Teaching of Undergraduate General Practice in China:a Survey Research

作　　者：齐殿君[1] 江南 于晓松[1] QI Dianjun;JIANG Nan;YU Xiaosong(Department of General Practice,the First Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属第一医院全科医学科,辽宁省沈阳市110001

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2024年第7期789-793,共5页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：辽宁省普通高等教育本科教学改革研究项目(20221015925)。

摘　　要：背景近年来我国全科医学教育发展迅速,但尚缺乏针对本科生全科医学教育的全面调查。目的了解我国本科生全科医学教学开展现状和发展趋势。方法于2019年12月,向我国开设临床医学专业的高校的教务处发放调查问卷(n=189),问卷内容包括各高校的全科医学教学机构设置、师资及课程设置情况,于2020年6月回收问卷。为比较不同类型院校本科生全科医学教学情况的差异,将高校分为综合院校、单科院校(医学院或药学院)、中医院校、独立办学院校4类进行分析。结果共回收有效问卷175份,应答率为92.6%。2019年,设立本科生全科医学教学机构的高校有150所(85.7%);全国高校共有全科师资3371名,其中59.8%(2016/3371)在附属医院全科医学科工作;142所(81.1%)开设了全科医学选修课或必修课;68所(38.9%)高校开设了全科医学在社区卫生服务中心的毕业实习;22所(12.6%)高校开设了综合医院全科医学科毕业实习。在4类高校中,综合院校和单科院校附属医院设置全科医学科的比例均>90.0%,中医院校的设置比例为70.0%(7/10),独立办学院校的设置比例仅为63.3%(19/30);独立办学院校开设全科医学选修课或必修课的比例为60.0%(18/30),其他3类院校的开设比例均≥80.0%;单科院校开展社区卫生服务中心毕业实习的比例较高(61.2%,30/49),其次为综合院校(36.0%,31/86),独立办学院校和中医院校的开展比例≤20.0%;综合院校和单科院校开展综合医院全科医学科毕业实习的比例>10.0%,独立办学院校的开展比例为6.7%(2/30)。结论近年来我国本科生全科医学教育发展较为迅速,但仍然存在较多问题,如全科医学本科教育开展不普及、发展不均衡,非社区师资缺乏基层实践经历,教学方法和评价方式简单等。今后仍需要进一步提高发展的普及性和均衡性,并加强师资培训,丰富教学方法和评价手段。Background The education of general practice has developed rapidly in recent years in China,but there is still a lack of comprehensive survey for undergraduate general practice education.Objective To understand the current situation and development trend of undergraduate general practice teaching in China.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the offices of academic affairs of all colleges and universities offering clinical medicine programs in China(n=189)in December 2019,the questionnaires included teaching institutions,faculty and curriculum construction of general practice,which were collected in June 2020.The colleges and universities were categorized into four types for analysis,including comprehensive universities,single-subject colleges(medical colleges or pharmaceutical colleges),Chinese medicine(TCM)colleges and independent colleges to compare differences in the teaching of undergraduate general practice at different types of colleges and universities.Results A total of 175 valid questionnaires were returned,with a response rate of 92.6%.In 2019,85.7%(150/175)of colleges and universities had undergraduate general practice teaching institutions,and the total number of general practice faculty members in colleges and universities nationwide reached 3371,with 59.8%(2016/3371)of them working in the department of general practice in affiliated hospitals.Among the 175 colleges and universities that participated in the survey,142(81.1%)offered elective or compulsory courses in general practice,68(38.9%)offered graduation practice in general practice in community health centers,and 22(12.6%)offered graduation practice in general practice in general hospitals.Among the four types of colleges and universities,the proportion of general practice departments set up in general hospitals and affiliated hospitals of single-subject colleges was over 90.0%,the proportion of TCM colleges was 70.0%(7/10),and the proportion of independent colleges was only 63.3%(19/30);the proportion of independent col

关 键 词：全科医学 教育 医学 本科 机构设置 师资 课程 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]