地震不连续信息的自适应方向增强检测及应用  

Adaptive directional enhancement detection and application of seismic discontinuity information

作　　者：黎康毅 陈学华[1,2] 吴昊杰 吕丙南 赵晨斐 LI Kangyi;CHEN Xuehua;WU Haojie;LYU Bingnan;ZHAO Chenfei(State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China;Key Laboratory of Earth Exploration and Information Techniques,Ministry of Education,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都610059 [2]成都理工大学地球探测与信息技术教育部重点实验室,四川成都610059

出　　处：《石油地球物理勘探》2023年第6期1446-1453,共8页Oil Geophysical Prospecting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“致密储层裂缝系统诱发地震异常的机理及其与储层产能的关系”(41874143);四川省自然科学基金重点项目“深层储层裂缝渗流结构的地震岩石物理响应机理与检测方法”(23NSFSC0139)联合资助。

摘　　要：在实际地震资料中,裂缝及河道等不连续信息通常在不同方向存在差异,同时还受各种噪声的干扰,给高精度地质异常信息提取带来了困难与挑战。为此,结合前人方法,提出地震不连续信息的自适应方向增强方法,根据裂缝方向选取高斯滤波器方向对地震数据二次迭代滤波。具体步骤为:①在0°~180°范围的所有给定方向的高斯窗扫描输入地震数据,在每个位置分别选取振幅之和最大值方向的处理结果;②选定时窗扫描处理数据,并映射为L级灰度构成地震纹理基元体;③求取时窗内数据任意特定方向的共生矩阵纹理参数,并判断处理数据的特定方向;④将判断的裂缝方向代入各向异性高斯滤波方向矩阵进行二次迭代;⑤对处理数据采用各向异性体曲率属性分析方法得到增强的最终图像。结果表明:利用所提方法有效地压制了与裂缝等方向不同的干扰信息,极大突出了地质构造特征,更好地反映了特定方向的构造细节和不连续性;同时该方法也可自行选取一个或多个特定方向,只展现所选方向的构造信息。所提方法可为构造解释、了解断裂展布规律、储层预测等提供技术支持。In actual seismic data,discontinuous information such as cracks and river channels often varies in different directions and is also affected by various noises,which brings difficulties and challenges to the extraction of high-precision geological anomaly information.Therefore,based on previous methods,an adaptive direction enhancement method for seismic discontinuity information is proposed,and a Gaussian filter direction is selected according to the crack direction to perform secondary iterative filtering on seismic data.The specific steps are as follows.①The input seismic data through a Gaussian window in all given directions within the range of 0°~180°is scanned,and the processing results in the direction of the maximum value of sum of amplitudes at each position are selected.②A time window is chosen to scan and process data,and mapped to L-level grayscale to form seismic texture primitives.③Texture parameters of the co-occurrence matrix for any specific direction of data within the time window are obtained,and the specific direction of processing data is determined.④The determined crack direction is substituted into the anisotropic Gaussian filtering direction matrix for secondary iteration.⑤The enhanced final image is obtained by employing the attribute analysis method of anisotropic volume curvature for processing data.The results show that the proposed method suppresses interference information in different directions from fractures,greatly highlights geological structural features,and better reflects the structural details and discontinuities in specific directions.Meanwhile,this method can select one or more specific directions on its own,displaying only the structural information of the selected direction.Finally,technical support is provided for structural interpretation,understanding of fault distribution patterns,and reservoir prediction.

关 键 词：曲率属性 裂缝方向 自适应性 高斯滤波 共生矩阵 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]