四种臭椿不同叶位叶片色素组成及分布变化  

Four Ailanthus altissima(Mill)Swingle Varieties:Pigment Composition and Distribution of Leaves at Different Positions

作　　者：郑聪慧 徐振华 王玉忠 张蔓蔓 杜克久[2] 李向军 刘春鹏 ZHENG Conghui;XU Zhenhua;WANG Yuzhong;ZHANG Manman;DU Kejiu;LI Xiangjun;LIU Chunpeng(Hebei Technical Innovation Center for Forest Improved Variety,Hebei Academy of Forestry and Grassland Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061;College of Forestry,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001)

机构地区：[1]河北省林业和草原科学研究院,河北省林木良种技术创新中心,石家庄050061 [2]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2023年第32期56-65,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河北省创新能力提升计划项目“河北省林木良种工程技术中心绩效后补助经费”(20567648H);河北省高层次人才资助项目“红果臭椿扦插生根机理及快速繁育研究”(A202001039);石家庄市科学技术研究与发展计划项目“红果臭椿种质资源收集及繁育技术研究”(201520322A);石家庄市科技计划项目“彩化臭椿成色机理及关键技术研究与应用”(231520132A)。

摘　　要：为揭示臭椿不同叶位叶色变化生理机制,以期为臭椿的育种和推广提供依据。以4种臭椿(‘朝阳椿’、‘千红椿’、‘普通臭椿’、‘聊红椿’)的1年生无性系苗木为材料,对5个存在明显叶色转换的叶位的叶片色素含量、叶色参数、以及叶片表皮和横切面的结构和颜色进行观测。结果表明:各品种随着叶位的下降,总叶绿素(Chl)含量和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量均显著增加(P<0.05),花青素(Ant)含量、Car:Chl和Ant:Chl均显著减少(P<0.05),叶绿素a与叶绿素b的含量比值(Chla:Chlb)呈增加趋势。同一叶位Chl、Car含量以‘普通臭椿’和‘千红椿’较高、Ant含量以‘千红椿’最高、Ant:Chl以‘朝阳椿’和‘千红椿’较高、Car:Chl和Chla:Chlb均以‘朝阳椿’最高。各品种叶肉厚度(LM)和栅栏组织厚度(PT)均随叶位下降而增加(P<0.05),各叶位LM和PT多以‘朝阳椿’和‘聊红椿’较大。各叶位亮度L^(*)值、黄蓝属性色相b^(*)值、彩度C^(*)值多以‘朝阳椿’最大(叶位4时最大),叶位1~4的红绿属性色相a^(*)值均以‘朝阳椿’和‘千红椿’较大(叶位1时最大)。叶片腺毛颜色和横切面颜色均随品种和叶位变化,‘朝阳椿’和‘聊红椿’上叶位叶片栅栏组织为双层细胞,它们的下叶位与‘千红椿’、‘普通臭椿’各叶位的叶片栅栏组织均为单层细胞。色素种类及分布是导致臭椿叶色差异的直接原因,‘朝阳椿’上叶位的高含量花青素和各叶位的低含量总叶绿素为其叶片艳丽的直接原因,花青素是‘千红椿’、‘聊红椿’叶片呈现红色的关键色素。‘朝阳椿’的亮度、黄色度、彩度观赏性显著,以叶位4和5时最佳;‘朝阳椿’、‘千红椿’的红色度观赏性显著,以叶位1时最佳。To reveal the physiological mechanism of leaf color change at different leaf positions in Ailanthus altissima(Mill)Swingle and provide reference for the breeding and promotion of different Ailanthus varieties,one-year-old clonal seedlings of four varieties of Ailanthus altissima(Mill)Swingle,‘Zhaoyang’,‘Qianhong’,‘Putong’and‘Liaohong’,were taken as materials.Leaf pigment content and color parameters were measured separately at five leaf positions with obvious color change,and the leaf epidermis and transverse sections were observed as well.For each variety,the content of total chlorophyll(Chl)and carotenoids(Car)in the leaves showed significant increasing trends as the leaf position decreased(P<0.05),while the content of anthocyanin(Ant)and the pigment ratios(i.e.,Car:Chl and Ant:Chl)showed significant decreasing trends(P<0.05),and the ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b(Chla:Chlb)showed an increasing trend.For each leaf position,‘Putong’and‘Qianhong’had a higher content of Chl and Car,‘Qianhong’had the highest content of Ant,‘Zhaoyang’and‘Qianhong’had higher Ant:Chl,and‘Zhaoyang’had the highest Car:Chl and Chla:Chlb.The thickness of mesophyll(LM)and palisade tissue(PT)of each variety increased with the decrease of the leaf position(P<0.05),and LM and PT of‘Zhaoyang’and‘Liaohong’were relatively high at each leaf position.‘Zhaoyang’had the highest value of leaf lightness(L^(*)),leaf chromatic component(b^(*))and leaf chroma(C^(*))at each leaf position among the four varieties,and all the maximum values were observed at the leaf position 4.‘Zhaoyang’and‘Qianhong’had high leaf chromatic component(a^(*))at each leaf position,and the highest value was found at the leaf position 1.The color of leaf glandular hair and the color of leaf transverse section varied with the variety and leaf position.The palisade tissue of the upper leaves of‘Zhaoyang’and‘Liaohong’had a double layer of cells,while the lower leaves of‘Zhaoyang’and‘Liaohong’and the

关 键 词：臭椿 叶位 色素含量 色素分布 花青素 

分 类 号：S792.32[农业科学—林木遗传育种]