房地关系视域下法定地役权的创设与应用  

Creation and Application of Legal Easements from the Perspective of Real Estate Relations

作　　者：袁震[1] 何慧俊 Yuan Zhen;He Huijun

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学民商法学院

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2023年第2期148-167,共20页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：陕西省教育厅青年创新团队建设科研计划项目“宅基地三权分置权利构造与权利运行法律问题研究”(21JP134);国家社科基金一般项目“‘三权分置’视阈下农地财产权益融资担保法律问题研究”(18BFX154);西北政法大学省级青年创新团队科研项目“农村土地财产权益融资担保法律问题研究”(SJTD202301)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国立法一方面将建筑物与土地(土地权利)视为两个独立的不动产(不动产权利),另一方面又实行两者一体处分的原则,但在该原则的贯彻过程中会出现分别处分或者建设用地使用权到期而致房地权属不一致的问题。关于在房地分离时如何解决地上建筑物在他人土地上存在的合法权源问题,建议创设法定地役权。法定地役权是对物权法定原则的缓和,是财产权自由与限制平衡的结果,优于创设法定地上权与法定土地租赁权的方案,是对我国地役权制度的完善与发展。因此,支撑建筑物的法定地役权虽然突破了传统地役权的意定性与非占有性,但确实是一个必然的选择。On the one hand,China's legislation regards buildings and land(land rights)as two independent immovable properties(real estate rights),and on the other hand,it implements the principle of integrated disposal of the two,but in the process of implementing this principle,there will be problems of inconsistent ownership of real estate due to separate disposition or expiration of the right to use construction land.With regard to how to address the issue of the legal source of rights of above-ground buildings on the land of others in the event of separation of premises,it was suggested that easements should be created.Statutory easement is the relaxation of the legal principle of property rights,the result of the balance between freedom and restriction of property rights,which is better than the scheme of creating ways to determine the right to land and the legal land lease right,and is the improvement and development of China's easement system.Therefore,although the legal easement supporting the building breaks through the intentional and non-possessive nature of traditional easements,it is an inevitable choice.

关 键 词：建设用地使用权 房地关系 法定地役权 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学] D922.3[政治法律—法学]