论不动产登记错误的司法纠正:规范、样态与路径  

On the Judicial Correction of Real Estate Registration Errors:Norms,Patterns and Paths

作　　者：方涧 林雨琪 刘贤哲 Fang Jian;Lin Yuqi;Liu Xianzhe

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学法学院 [2]浙江工商大学行政执法理论与实践研究中心

出　　处：《中国不动产法研究》2023年第2期168-184,共17页Research on Real Estate Law of China

基　　金：2020年度司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目青年课题“集体土地征收司法救济功能跟踪研究”(20SFB3007)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：不动产登记制度在确认权利归属、保障信赖利益、提高政府治理效率等方面具有无可替代的作用,但登记错误令上述制度的功能发挥受到掣肘。行政诉讼作为重要的司法纠错手段之一,具备权力监督、权利救济与纠纷化解的三重功能,是不动产登记制度的重要组成部分。通过分析浙江省2018~2021年的不动产登记诉讼案件,现行司法纠错机制呈现出裁判缺乏效用性与彻底性、败诉理由兼具实体性和程序性等基本样态。造成上述现象的原因在于多元利益冲突、合理性审查虚置以及登记机关审查标准的规范阙如。为纾解司法困境,应当在裁判思路层面探索以利益平衡为导向的抉择路径、在审查标准层面加大合理性审查力度,在法律规范层面以区分原则构建登记机关审查模式,从而确保不动产登记错误纠纷得到实质化解。The real estate registration system plays an irreplaceable role in confirming the ownership of rights,safeguarding trust interests and improving the efficiency of government governance,but the function of the above system is constrained by the registration error.As one of the important means of judicial error correction,administrative litigation has the triple functions of power supervision,right relief and dispute resolution,and is an important part of the real estate registration system.By analyzing the cases of real estate registration litigation in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2021,this paper finds that the current judicial error correction mechanism shows some basic patterns,such as the lack of effectiveness and thoroughness of judgment results,and the substantive and procedural reasons for losing the case.The root cause of the above phenomenon lies in the conflict of multiple interests,which leads to the difficulty in choosing the judgment method,the expansion of administrative discretion due to the false rationality review,and the lack of standardization of the review standards of the registration authority.In order to relieve the judicial dilemma,we should establish a choice path guided by the balance of interests at the level of judgment ideas,strengthen the rationality review at the level of review standards,and build a review model of registration authorities with the principle of distinction at the level of legal norms,so as to ensure that the disputes over real estate registration errors can be substantially resolved.

关 键 词：不动产登记 登记错误 司法纠正 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]