基于流域水循环视角的黄河水源涵养区水源涵养量评价方法  

Evaluation method of water conservation capacity based the perspective of the water cycle in the conserving region of the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：杜军凯[1,2] 贾仰文 李晓星[3] 牛存稳 仇亚琴[1,2] 刘佳嘉[1,2] DU Junkai;JIA Yangwen;LI Xiaoxing;NIU Cunwen;QIU Yaqin;LIU Jiajia(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;State Key Laboratory of Basin Water Cycle Simulation and Regulation,Beijing 100038,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《水利水电技术（中英文）》2023年第10期71-82,共12页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3201101,2021YFC3201105)。

摘　　要：【目的】水资源是黄河流域经济社会发展的刚性约束,科学评估水源涵养区的水源涵养量,对流域生态环境保护与高质量发展具有重要意义。【方法】针对当前水源涵养量评价存在的不足,从流域水循环角度出发,辨识了多要素对水源涵养功能的影响机制,提出了契合黄河流域特点的水源涵养量评价目标、原则与方法。在此基础上,构建了以分布式水文模型为核心的评价工具,对黄河水源涵养区的水源涵养量进行了评价。【结果】主要研究结论如下:(1)植被的水源涵养功能体现在汛期调蓄洪水、坦化洪水过程,在枯水期增加基流和水资源供给量;土壤的蓄水能力/调节库容即其水源涵养能力,与土壤层厚度、有效蓄水量成正比,并且在一定时期内存在多个“蓄满—释放—再蓄满”过程;含水层的调蓄能力即其水源涵养能力,与含水层厚度、储水/释水能力成正比;不同资源开发利用方式对水循环过程施加影响,进而将这种影响传递到水源上。(2)黄河水源涵养区水源评价,应以提升全流域水安全综合保障能力为目标,统筹全流域生态安全、防洪安全以及供水与能源安全需求;应同时考虑平水时段的“滞留”、汛期时段的“调峰”、枯水时段的“产水”三项功能。(3)黄河水源涵养区1960—2018年多年平均年度水源涵养量为205.04亿m^(3),其中汛期时段涵养量153.27亿m^(3)、平水时段涵养量38.64亿m^(3)、枯水时段涵养量13.13亿m^(3);从空间分布看,兰州以上片区、渭河南山支流片区和伊洛河片区水源涵养量分别占全区的55.7%、34.1%和10.2%。【结论】研究成果可谓黄河水源涵养区水源涵养量评价提供参考。[Objective]Water resource is the “rigid constraint” of economic and social development in the Yellow River Basin.Scientific assessment of water conservation is of great significance for ecological environment protection and high-quality development of the basin.[Methods]In view of the limitations of current evaluation method,the mechanism of influence of various elements on the water conservation capacity is discussed from the perspective of the basin water cycle based the characteristics of the Yellow River Basin,as well as the evaluation principles and method.A water conservation assessment tool based on the distributed hydrological model is constructed,and the water conservation volume in the conserving region of the Yellow River is evaluated.[Results]The following conclusion are drawn:(1) The influence mechanism of the vegetation on the water conservation capacity is that it regulates the seasonal floods and attenuates the flood waves in the flood season,and increases the base flow and water supply in the dry season.The water storage capacity/regulating capacity of the soil is the water conservation capacity which is in proportion to the thickness of the soil layer and the effective water storage capacity.Within a certain period,there are multiple “recharge-discharge-recharge” cycle processes in the regulation of soil water by the soil layer.The regulation and storage capacity of the aquifer is its water conservation capacity,which is in proportion to the thickness of the aquifer and the water storage/release capacity.The water cycle process is influenced by a variety of different water resource utilization strategies,which transmit the relative influences to the water conservation capacity of the basin.(2) When calculating the water conservation capacity of the Yellow River Basin,it needs to be focused on the improvement of comprehensive guarantee capability of water security in the whole basin,overall planning of the safety of ecological system,flood control,water supply and energy security.Enough a

关 键 词：水循环 水源涵养量评价 水源涵养区 水安全 黄河流域 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]