大学化学中竞争平衡知识梳理——以沉淀反应为例  

Derivation about Knowledge of Competitive Equilibrium in Chemistry——Taking Precipitation Reaction as An Example

作　　者：唐斯甫 梁爱琴[1] 张钒[1] 宋祖伟[1] TANG Si-fu;LIANG Ai-qin;ZHANG Fan;SONG Zu-wei(College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Qingdao Agricultural University,Shandong Qingdao 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学化学与药学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《广州化工》2023年第14期195-197,200,共4页GuangZhou Chemical Industry

基　　金：山东省本科教学改革研究项目(No:M2020164);青岛农业大学教改项目(No:XJY2022047、XJY2020017、XJY2021016)。

摘　　要：“化学竞争平衡”是化学教学的重难点,体系复杂,学生掌握困难。以沉淀反应为例讨论沉淀转化、沉淀生成弱酸碱和配合物溶解等问题,明确竞争平衡的分类,给出竞争反应的书写方式、竞争平衡常数两种计算方法和竞争平衡问题的解决步骤。通过归纳、类比、举例,梳理竞争平衡问题,厘清本质,完成知识内化和扩展,提高学生深度学习的能力,开阔眼界和思路。“Chemical competitive equilibrium”is the key and difficult point in Chemistry teaching,which is complicated and difficult for students.Taking precipitation reaction as an example,some problems such as precipitation transformation,formation of weak acid and base by precipitation,and dissolution of coordination compounds were discussed.The classification of competitive equilibrium was clarified,the writing of competitive reaction,two calculation methods of competitive equilibrium constant as well as the solving steps of related problems were given.Through induction,analogy and example,the competition equilibrium problem was sorted out,the essence was clarified,and the knowledge was internalized and expanded,so as to improve students'ability of deep learning and broaden their horizon and ideas.

关 键 词：竞争平衡 沉淀转化 沉淀溶解 酸碱平衡 配位平衡 

分 类 号：O6-04[理学—化学]