胝毛金小蜂生物学特性及其利用研究  

Biological Characteristics and Utilization of Piliferocallus hezhangensis sp.

作　　者：陈华 赵斌 展茂魁 夏光旭 CHEN Hua;ZHAO Bin;ZHAN Maokui;XIA Guangxu(Qianxinan Research Institue of Agricultural and Forestry Science,Xingyi,Guizhou 562400,China;Zunyi Institute of Forestry Sciences,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China;Forestry Bureau of Hezhang,Bijie,Guizhou 551700,China)

机构地区：[1]黔西南州农业林业科学研究院,贵州兴义562400 [2]遵义市林业科学研究院,贵州遵义563000 [3]贵州市毕节市赫章县林业局,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2023年第4期452-456,共5页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：贵州省林业科研项目(黔林科合[2019]16号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2016]2611号)。

摘　　要：【目的】胝毛金小蜂(Piliferocallus hezhangensis Yang et Zhan)是会泽新松叶蜂(Neodiprion huizeensis)重要的寄生性天敌,对会泽新松叶蜂种群控制具有较好的效果。通过对胝毛金小蜂形态特征、生物学特性、生活史及林间保育进行调查研究,以期为该天敌昆虫的进一步应用提供理论支撑。【方法】通过室内人工饲养和野外调查相结合的方法,研究胝毛金小蜂形态特征、羽化、交配、产卵等生物学特性。【结果】该虫在贵州省毕节市赫章地区1年发生2代,以幼虫在寄主茧内越冬。翌年5月中旬开始活动取食,5月中旬开始化蛹,6月上旬成虫开始从寄主茧内羽化出来,不久即可交尾,6月中、下旬为成虫羽化盛期,7月下旬成虫羽化结束。6月上旬雌蜂开始产卵于寄主茧内,7月上旬为产卵盛期,8月上旬产卵结束,自然寄生率9.3%~12.3%。第二代幼虫从10月中旬开始取食,成虫10月上旬开始羽化并交尾,随后产卵越冬。通过林间保育装置的利用发现,在提供5%蜂蜜水(含1%亮氨酸)外源食物的情况下,胝毛金小蜂的寿命最高可延长至60.35 d,比没有提供食物时提高了46.55 d。【结论】胝毛金小蜂在贵州省毕节市赫章地区1年发生2代,幼虫在寄主茧内越冬,以5%蜂蜜水(含1%亮氨酸)作为外源食物可显著提高雌蜂寿命(最高延长至60.35 d),有利于林间保育。[Objective] Piliferocallus hezhangensis Yang et Zhan(PHY) is an important parasitic enemy of Neodiprion huizeensis,and has a better effect on Neodiprion huizeensis population control.This article investigated the morphological characteristics,biological characteristics,life history and forest conservation of PHY,so as to provide theoretical support for the further application of its natural enemy insects.[Method] The biological characteristics of PHY,including emergence,mating and oviposition,were studied through laboratory and field observation.[Result] Results showed that two generations occurred every year in Hezhang.The larvae overwintered in the cocoon of the host.The activity of feeding began in the middle of May of the next year,and also pupation began almost at the same time.The adults began to emerge from the host cocoon in early June and mate soon.The adult eclosion stage was in mid-June and late June,and ended in late July.Female wasps began to lay eggs in the host cocoon in early June,and spawning peak period occurred in early July and finished in lay August.The natural parasitism rate was 9.3%~12.3%.The larvae of the second generation began to feed in mid-October,adults eclosion and mating began in early October,and then laid eggs over the winter.Through the use of forest conservation equipment,it was found that under the condition of 5% honey water(containing 1%leucine) exogenous food,the life span of callose wasps could be extended to 60.35 d,which was 46.55 d higher than that without food.[Conclusion] Two generations of PHY occur every year in Hezhang.The larvae overwinter in the cocoon of the host.With 5% honey water(containing 1% leucine) exogenous food,the life span of PHY can significantly be improved(up to 60.35 days).This method is beneficial for the forest conservation.

关 键 词：金小蜂 生物学特性 保育 利用 

分 类 号：S763.43[农业科学—森林保护学]