脑类器官研究进展和伦理问题研究  

Research Progress and Ethical Issues of Brain Organoids

作　　者：方彩霞 王振运 白晓东 FANG Caixia;WANG Zhenyun;BAI Xiaodong(Department of Pharmacy,Qingyang People’s Hospital,Qingyang 745000,China;Qingyang People’s Hospital,Qingyang 745000,China;Xianyang Hospital of Yan’an University,Xianyang 712000,China)

机构地区：[1]庆阳市人民医院药剂科,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]庆阳市人民医院,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]延安大学咸阳医院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《中国医学伦理学》2023年第12期1330-1335,共6页Chinese Medical Ethics

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目“胆道系统疾病与轻度认知功能障碍相关性研究”(21JRRM908);庆阳市科技计划项目“胆汁淤积与轻度认知功能障碍相关性研究”(QY2021A-S031);庆阳市科技创新平台与人才计划“庆阳市心脑血管疾病临床医学研究中心”(庆财市教[2022]42号-33)。

摘　　要：类器官是由干细胞在体外构建的三维生物结构,它们部分地模仿了真实器官的功能。脑类器官是类器官研究中极其重要的分支部分,它可以通过运用多功能干细胞进行分化,在三维培养环境中形成所需的细胞类型,并经自组装成结构体,但目前尚无法完全复制真实人脑的结构和生理特征。而脑类器官的成熟可能形成意识,这使得脑类器官研究会面临道德地位的判定、知情同意等伦理问题。阐述了脑类器官的研究进展和未来发展方向,并从伦理原则规范、保障公众知情权利、法律监管等角度,对脑类器官研究中所面临的伦理问题提出了多维治理策略。通过对上述问题的探讨,为将来制定伦理原则指导脑类器官的研究应用提供参考。Organoids are three-dimensional(3D) biological structures constructed in vitro by stem cells,which partially mimic the function of real organs.Brain organoids are an extremely important branch of organoid research.This technology can differentiate pluripotent stem cells into the required cell types in a 3D culture environment,and self-assemble into structural bodies,but it is currently unable to fully replicate the structural and physiological features of the real human brain.The maturity of brain organoids may form consciousness,which poses ethical issues such as determining moral status and informed consent in brain organoids research.This paper elaborated on the research progress and future development direction of brain organoids,and proposed multidimensional governance strategies for ethical issues faced in brain organoids research from the perspectives of ethical principles,ensuring public informed consent,and legal supervision.By exploring the above issues,reference will be provided for formulating ethical principles to guide the research and application of brain organoids in the future.

关 键 词：神经伦理学 脑类器官 类器官 道德地位 

分 类 号：R-052[医药卫生]