基于模拟退火算法的数控机床热误差补偿方法  

Thermal Error Compensation Method for CNC Machine Tools Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm

作　　者：蔡杨 王春飞 钱小勇 CAI Yang;WANG Chunfei;QIAN Xiaoyong(Zhejiang Yongcheng Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Zhuji 311835,China;School of Energy,Power and Mechanical Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;Production Technology Department,Zhejiang Dunyun Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Zhuji 311835,China;Production Technology Department,Zhejiang Haolu Thermal Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhuji 311835,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江永成机械有限公司,浙江诸暨311835 [2]华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,北京102206 [3]浙江盾运实业有限公司生产技术部,浙江诸暨311835 [4]浙江豪路热能科技有限公司生产技术部,浙江诸暨311835

出　　处：《机械工程师》2023年第12期116-119,共4页Mechanical Engineer

摘　　要：为提高数控机床的精度,基于模拟退火算法设计数控机床热误差补偿方法,分别建立机床内部零件沿X轴、Y轴、Z轴方向做平移与旋转运动时的变化矩阵,计算电动机与轴承的发热量,二者相加后就可以得到高速运动下机床发热量。基于模拟退火算法建立热误差偏移补偿模型,获得系统温度的状态参量,得到温度下降后求和单元的传递函数,计算偏移补偿模型内X轴、Y轴、Z轴上经过多次迭代后的位置。设计数控机床热误差补偿算法,得到数控机床热误差补偿结果。实验结果显示,该数控机床在Y轴上的热误差值较小,但是在X轴与Y轴上的热误差较大,经过误差补偿后,其热误差分别降低至1~2 m m和0~1 m m,可见该热误差补偿方法效果较好。In order to improve the accuracy of CNC machine tools,a thermal error compensation method for CNC machine tools is designed based on simulated annealing algorithm.This paper establishes the change matrix of the internal parts of the machine tool when they move in the direction of X axis,Y axis and Z axis for translation and rotation respectively,calculates the heat of the motor and bearing,and then adds them together to get the heat of the machine tool under high-speed movement.Based on the simulated annealing algorithm,the thermal error offset compensation model is established to obtain the state parameters of the system temperature,the transfer function of the summation unit after the temperature drops,and the positions of the X axis,Y axis and Z axis in the offset compensation model after multiple iterations.The thermal error compensation algorithm of NC machine tool is designed,and the thermal error compensation result of NC machine tool is obtained.The experimental results show that the thermal error difference of the NC machine tool on the Y axis is small,but the thermal error on the X axis and Y axis is large.After error compensation,the thermal error is reduced to 1~2 mm and 0~1 mm respectively,which shows that the thermal error compensation method has a good effect.

关 键 词：模拟退火算法 数控机床 热误差 误差补偿方法 误差补偿精度 

分 类 号：TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]