电化学阴极制氢耦合阳极废水污染物降解的研究进展  

Research Progress in Coupled Anodic Pollutant Degradation of Electrochemical Cathodic Hydrogen Production

作　　者：冯江涛[1] 孙娅星 林长征 朱金薇 延卫[1] FENG Jiangtao;SUN Yaxing;LIN Changzheng;ZHU Jinwei;YAN Wei(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Shaanxi Electrical Equipment Institute,Xi’an 710025,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]陕西电器研究所,西安710025

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2023年第12期41-58,共18页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52070155,51978569)。

摘　　要：电解水制氢是一种绿色制氢技术,但其能源效率受到阳极析氧反应(OER)动力学的限制。针对这一问题,系统总结和论述了一种将电化学制氢与治污耦合来降低能耗的系统,该系统的优势是以阳极氧化污染物取代OER反应,在降低电解水制氢能耗的同时实现污染物的处理,达到制氢与治污的有机结合。论述了制氢和治污耦合系统中的电解槽设计对耦合反应的关键作用,设计合理的电解槽有利于获得更高的制氢和治污效率;开发性能稳定的电极材料是实现高效制氢与治污耦合的另一关键方面,镍基、钴基、铜基材料及它们的复合材料都被作为电极材料用于电催化制氢和治污耦合系统,以提高系统的稳定性和制氢及有机污染物降解的效率;醇类、酚类、醛类、尿素、肼、胺等有机物及液氨和含硫化合物等都被用于与制氢结合构成制氢和治污的耦合体系,这些物质的加入可以提高系统的电子利用率、防止O 2/H 2混合,不仅可以实现绿色产氢,还能够在制氢的同时降解污染物甚至生成更高附加值的化学品。对有机物去除耦合电解水制氢系统的影响因素、反应机理和存在问题等进行了深入分析,以期为电解水制氢与治污耦合系统的研究和应用提供一定的理论依据,并对耦合系统投入实际应用所存在的机理、经济等方面的困境提出了对应的解决措施与展望。Water electrolysis is a green hydrogen production technology,but its energy efficiency is limited by the kinetics of anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).For this problem,this paper systematically summarizes and discusses a system coupling water electrolysis with pollution control to reduce energy consumption,which has an advantage that the OER reaction is replaced by anodic pollutant oxidation,which not only reduces the energy consumed during the water electrolysis hydrogen production but also treats the pollutants,so as to integrate hydrogen production and pollution control.The important role of electrolytic cell design played in the coupling system was discussed,as a well-designed electrolytic cell is beneficial to the efficiency of hydrogen production and pollution control.The development of electrode materials with stable performance is also important for an efficient coupling system.Nickel-,cobalt-,or copper-based materials and their composites are all used as electrode materials in the coupling system to improve the stability and the efficiency of hydrogen production and organic pollutant degradation.Organic compounds such as alcohols,phenols,aldehydes,urea,hydrazine,and amines,as well as liquid ammonia and sulfur-containing compounds,are also used in the coupling system.The addition of these substances can improve the electronic utilization rate of the system and prevent O 2/H 2 mixing,achieving green hydrogen production and degrading pollutants or even generating higher value-added chemicals during the hydrogen production.This paper also analyzes the influencing factors,reaction mechanism and existing problems of the coupling system,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research and application of the coupling system.In addition,this paper proposes corresponding solutions and prospects for the difficulties in the mechanism,economy,and other aspects of the application of the coupling system.

关 键 词：水电解 制氢 阳极氧化 污染物降解 制氢与治污耦合 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]