从政统与道统的关系看儒学道统意识及其嬗变  

Consciousness of Confucian Orthodoxy and its Evolution from the Perspective of Relationship Between Political Orthodoxy and Confucian Orthodoxy

作　　者：樊智宁 FAN Zhining(School of Marxism,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院马克思主义学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2023年第11期74-83,89,共11页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“道家政治哲学研究”(20BZX050);湖州市哲学社会科学规划课题“胡瑗《洪范》学及其政治伦理意蕴研究”(23hzghy046)。

摘　　要：道统的意识之原生肇始于先秦儒学。孔子、孟子、荀子皆以“二帝”“三王”为中心,初步构建出融摄政统于其中的道统谱系,这为后世儒者之道统意识奠定了基调。道统意识发展到汉唐儒学时期呈现出割裂与转型之势。公羊学强调受命与改制,在区分“制”与“道”的基础上开始分离道统与政统;唐代的韩愈则凭借道统之中的心性论抗衡佛老,道统由此转型为内圣之学。道统在宋代理学这里逐渐从意识蜕变为学说,朱熹的道统学说即为标志。以朱熹与蔡沈为代表的理学家在构建理学道统体系的同时,又使得政统复归于道统,恢复了道统的本然面貌。The consciousness of Confucian orthodoxy originated from pre Qin Confucianism.Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi all took“two emperors”and“three Kings”as the center,and initially constructed a lineage of Confucian orthodoxy that integrated political orthodoxy in it.This laid the tone for Confucian orthodoxy consciousness of the later Confucian scholars.The development of Confucian orthodoxy consciousness showed a trend of separation and transformation in the Han and Tang dynasties.The school of Gongyang emphasized taking orders and reforming.On the basis of distinguishing“system”and“Tao”,it began to separate the Confucian orthodoxy from the political orthodoxy.Han Yu countered Buddhism and Taoism with the theory of mind in the Confucian doctrine,and the Confucian orthodoxy was transformed into the theory of inner sanctity.The consciousness of Confucian orthodoxy gradually was evolved into theory in Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty with Zhu Xi’s theory as a marker.Zhu Xi and Cai Shen constructed a system of orthodoxy of principles,at the same time,they reunited political orthodoxy with Confucian orthodoxy and restored the original appearance of Confucian orthodoxy.

关 键 词：儒学 道统 政统 《尚书》 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]