饥饿对牦牛生理生化指标的影响  

Effect of Starvation on Physiological and Biochemical Index of Maiwa Yaks

作　　者：尉小强 王江[2] 周爱民[2] 王鸿泽 罗晓林[3] 安添午[3] 官久强[3] 王之盛[2] YU Xiao-qiang;WANG Jiang;ZHOU Ai-min;WANG Hong-ze;LUO Xiao-lin;AN Tian-wu;GUAN Jiu-qiang;WANG Zhi-sheng(Sichuan Provincial Agro-ecological Resources Protection Center,Chengdu 610041;Key Laboratory of Animal anti-Disease Nutrition,Chinese Ministry of Education,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an 625014;Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science,Chengdu 611731)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业生态资源保护中心,成都610041 [2]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,动物抗病营养教育部重点试验室,雅安625014 [3]四川省草原科学研究院,成都611731

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2023年第11期16-22,共7页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：国家现代农业(肉牛/牦牛)产业技术体系(CARS-38);青藏高原社区草-畜高效转化关键技术专项(201203008)。

摘　　要：本试验以麦洼牦牛为研究对象,探讨了饥饿状态下牦牛体重、常规组分含量、糖原含量,生化指标及氨基酸和脂肪酸组成的变化。选择8头健康无病、生长发育良好、体重相近(110.3±5.85kg)的3周岁麦洼牦牛,采用配对设计将体重相近的牦牛两两配对,分别将每个对子中的两头牛随机分到试验组和对照组中,每组4头。对照组于试验第1天进行屠宰采样,试验组牦牛做饥饿处理,分别在第1、2、3、5、7天通过颈静脉采血,离心制取血清,于第8天屠宰采样。结果表明:饥饿导致牦牛的活体重量和胴体重量显著降低(P<0.05)。饥饿过后粗脂肪和粗蛋白在背最长肌中的含量均显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏和背最长肌中水分和灰分的含量均显著升高(P<0.05)。机体肝糖原和肌糖原的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。短期饥饿导致牦牛血清中葡萄糖、甘油三酯和胆固醇的含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。饥饿可使饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量极显著降低(P<0.01),而对单不饱和脂肪酸无影响(P>0.05)。饥饿可提高肝脏中必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸的含量(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,在饥饿状态,牦牛将大量分解机体自身的储能物质,通过分解糖原、降解脂肪和蛋白质来维持机体的代谢需要,最终导致牦牛的活体重量和胴体重量降低。The Maiwa yak were used in this study to explore the changes of yak body weight,biochemical composition,fatty acid content and amino acid profiles under starvation condition.Eight 3 years old yaks,which were healthy,in good growth condition and consistent in body weight(110.3±5.85 kg)were selected and were randomized allocated into two groups(the control vs fasting group).The yaks of control group were slaughtered at day 1 and samples were collected.The other group was used as experimental treatment,suffering from starvation,and blood samples were collected through jugular vein on day 1,2,3,5,7 respectively.The yaks were also slaughtered for tissue samples collection at 8th day.The results showed that:The yak live weight and carcass weight decreased significantly after starvation(P<0.05).Starvation decreased fat and crude protein content in longissimus dorsi,and increased the content of moisture and ash both in liver and longissimus dorsi(P<0.05).Additionally,glycogen levels decreased in both hepatic and muscle(P<0.05).The concentration of glucose,triglyceride and cholesterol were all down-regulated by starvation(P<0.05).We found that starvation caused decreased levels of saturated fatty acid(SFA)and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)(P<0.05),and have no influence in the levels of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)(P>0.05).After starvation,both the total and essential amino acid levels were significantly elevated(P<0.01).According to the result,under starvation stress,body will decomposition energy storage material,consume glycogen,degrade lipid and protein for maintain the metabolic of the body,and finally decreased the body weight and carcass weight.

关 键 词：饥饿 牦牛 脂肪酸 氨基酸 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]