反思美国特色史学的努力:柯文“中国中心观”探析  

Rethinking the Efforts of American "Characteristic" Historiography:An Analysis of Cohen's "China-centered Approach"

作　　者：王瑞[1] Wang Rui

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院历史学院,河南南阳473061

出　　处：《河南大学学报(社会科学版)》2023年第6期49-53,153,共6页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“美国学者柯文的中国学研究”(2018BLS012)阶段性成果;南阳师范学院国家社科培育项目(2022PY003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：柯文强调美国史家的身份、美国特色史学,旨在凸显“中国中心观”展现的内部视角或移情方法对于美国中国学家的价值。作为深受本国政治历史文化熏陶的美国史家,当其研究异域文化中国历史时,要完成内部视角观察中国的任务、达到求真的目的,只能用移情方法去感受、去审视,进而发掘真正属于中国的问题。正因为柯文强调从内部视角观察中国近代史,以此标准衡量“中国中心观”的四个特征则可以看出,如果没有第一个特征,其他三个特征将失去存在的价值,这反映了“中国中心观”的时代局限性。随着美国中国学的发展,一些其他因素加入其列,可补益“中国中心观”的不足。Cohen emphasizes the identity of the "American historian" and emphasizes the "characteristic" historiography of the United States,aiming to highlight the value of the "internal perspective" or "empathy" approach shown by the "China-centered Approach" to American Chinese scholars.As an American historian who is deeply influenced by his own country's political,cultural and historical,when he studies foreign cultures as Chinese history,and needs to complete the task of observing China from an "internal perspective" and achieve the goal of seeking truth,he can only use the "empathy" to feel,examine and then discover the problem which really belongs to China.As Cohen emphasizes to observe Chinese modern history with "internal perspective",measure the four characteristics of the "China-centered Approach" with this standard,we can see that without the first feature,the other three characteristics will lose the value of existence,and this reflects the era limitations of the "China-centered Approach".With the development of China Studies in the United States,some other factors has added to improve the lack of "China-centered Approach".

关 键 词：柯文 “中国中心观” 内部视角 美国中国学 

分 类 号：K207.8[历史地理—历史学]