论背景对《论语》阐释的作用  

Discussion on the Role of Background in the Interpretation of The Analect of Confucius

作　　者：魏代富[1] WEI Daifu

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,济南250014

出　　处：《孔子研究》2023年第6期107-117,159,160,共13页Confucius Studies

摘　　要：在《论语》阐释中,应该充分根据其他典籍的记载,将文句还原到具体的背景中去,而非单从文句作主观的引申与深化。通过对背景的分析可知,《子罕》“吾未见好德如好色者也”的“色”不是指“女色”--卫灵公夫人南子,而是指“男色”--卫灵公幸臣宦官雍渠。《史记》载孔子凭借蘧伯玉而见卫灵公,是孔子圣化后的结果,在孟子生活的时代,至少还流传着孔子凭借颜雠由、弥子瑕、雍渠见卫灵公三种说法。《宪问》记载陈恒弑君、孔子请求讨伐陈恒是后人虚构的,实际上孔子在陈恒弑君中扮演了重要角色,暗中支持并促进了此事的完成。与陈恒作为政敌的阚止即孔子弟子宰予,因为阻碍陈恒弑君,违逆了孔子的意思,在《论语》中成为被否定的对象。In the interpretation of The Analects of Confucius,the text should be restored to the specific background based on the records of other ancient books,rather than the subjective extension and deepening of the text.Through the analysis of the background,it can be seen that the"beauty"(色)in Zihan,"I have not seen one who loves virtue as he loves beauty",does not refer to feminine beauty-Nanzi,the wife of Duke Weiling,but refers to male beauty-Yongqu,the favored eunuch of Duke Weiling.According to the Records of the Historian,Confucius saw the Duke of Weiling by virtue of Qu Boyu,which is the result of Confucius'holiness.In the era of Mencius'life,there are at least three versions of Confucius saying that he saw the Duke of Weiling by virtue of Yan Chouyou,Mi Zixia,and Yong Qu.XianWen records that Chen Huan killed the king and Confucius asked for a crusade against Chen Huan are fictionalized by later generations.In fact,Confucius played an important role in Chen Huan's murdering of the monarch,secretly supporting and promoting the completion of this event.Kan Zhi,the political enemy of Chen Huan,was a disciple of Confucius named Zayu.Because he prevented Tian Huan from killing the monarch,he violated the meaning of Confucius and became the object of negation in The Analects of Confucius.

关 键 词：背景 《论语》 好德如好色 陈成子杀简公 宰予 

分 类 号：B222.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]