从关键证人回归必要证人:关键证人出庭作证逻辑反思  

Back From Key Witness to Necessary Witness:Reflections on the Logic of Appearance of Key Witness in Court to Testify

作　　者：陈卫东 CHEN Weidong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

出　　处：《法学研究》2023年第6期170-186,共17页Chinese Journal of Law

摘　　要：当下我国刑事司法实践中存在一种关键证人出庭作证逻辑,这种逻辑认为:证人并非原则上必须出庭作证,只有关键的少数证人才有必要出庭作证;关键证人的判断标准是证人出庭的不可或缺性或者不可替代性,是否属于关键证人的判断方式是法官预先审查庭前证言的证明力。关键证人出庭作证逻辑容易导致被告人对质权保障不力、虚假事实无法辨别、庭审虚化及侦查权控制失灵等问题。关键证人出庭作证逻辑的产生与司法实践中法官对证人出庭作证的消极态度、侦查中心主义、印证证明方式等有着密切关联。在我国推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革、加强庭审实质化的背景下,应积极通过法律解释路径,摒弃关键证人出庭作证逻辑,回归必要证人出庭作证逻辑,合理界定2018年刑事诉讼法第192条第1款的构造和内涵。In the current judicial practice of China,there is a logic of appearance of key witnesses in court to testify,which holds that,in principle,not all witnesses,but only a few key witnesses,need to testify in court,the judgment standard of a key witness is the indispensability or irreplaceability of the witness,and the judgment method is the pre-review of the probative force of written evidence made outside the court.This logic can easily lead to problems such as weak protection of the right of confrontation,inability to clarify the facts of the case,un-substantiation of court trial,and failure to control the power of investigation.The emergence of the logic of the appearance of key witnesses in court is closely related to the judge's negative attitude towards the appearance of witnesses in court to testify,investigative centralism,the way of corroboration,and so on in the judicial practice of China.Against the background of advancing the trial-centered reform of the litigation system and strengthening the substantiation of court trials,we should actively seek a path of legal interpretation to abandon the logic of appearance of key witnesses in court to testify,return to the logic of appearance of necessary witnesses in court to testify,and reasonably define the structure and connotation of Article 192(1)of the 2018 Criminal Procedure Law.

关 键 词：以审判为中心 庭审实质化 证人出庭作证 关键证人 必要证人 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]