虚无时代的理性与意志:论康德的理性批判对人生意义的重新奠基  

Reason and Will in the Age of Nothing:Grounding the Meaning of Life in Kant's Critique of Reason

作　　者：罗久 Luo Jiu

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学人文社会科学学院哲学系

出　　处：《世界哲学》2023年第6期60-70,157,共12页World Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“德国早期浪漫派政治哲学研究(1797—1802)”(项目编号:17CZX038)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：康德的批判哲学有着深刻的形而上学动机,而这个形而上学动机又与理性化所导致的虚无主义和人生意义的危机有着密切的关联。理性化意味着一切存在都必须经过理性的反思和解释,其结果是一切存在都被有条件化,不再有什么东西自身就是自身得以被理解的原因,不再有什么东西自身就是自身存在的目的,因而理性化既保证了科学知识的确定性,又因为对无条件者的消解而导致了意义的缺失。康德比雅可比等人更早地意识到理性主义的这一困境,但他坚持从理性自身的原则出发来克服因理性化所导致的虚无主义危机,通过对理性自身的批判,重塑我们的知识观念,将知识限制在显象的领域,又进一步将理性的实践应用与理论应用区分开来,在出于善良意志的道德行动中证成一个具有不朽价值和充满意义的世界的真实存在。Kant's critical philosophy has a deep metaphysical motivation,which is closely connected with the nihilism and meaning crisis caused by the process of rationalization.Rationalization implies that everything must be examined by reason.The consequence of this process is that each being was deconditioned,there is no longer reason in itself and end in itself.Therefore,the rationalization insured the certainty of scientific knowledge,and at the same time,caused the absence of the meaning of life.Kant was conscious of this predicament of rationalism earlier than Jacobi.While he insisted to overcome the nihilism caused by rationalization from the principles of reason itself.Through his critique of reason,Kant reshaped the notion of knowledge,limited knowledge in the sphere of phenomenon,and made a distinction between the practical using and theoretical using of reason,justified the reality of a world full of immoral values and meaning.

关 键 词：康德 理性 意志 虚无主义 人生意义 

分 类 号：B516.3[哲学宗教—外国哲学]