4000年以来鲁北平原典型剖面古火重建及人类活动  

Reconstruction of ancient fires and human activities in typical section of the Lubei Plain area since nearly 4000 years

作　　者：王雪梅 谭志海[1,2] 苗继红 雷秋景 杨柳 WANG Xuemei;TAN Zhihai;MIAO Jihong;LEI Qiujing;YANG Liu(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Polytechnic University,Xi’an 710048;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710075,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境与化学工程学院,西安710048 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710075

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2023年第11期92-99,共8页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-YB-226)资助。

摘　　要：针对山东常徐村(CX)沉积物剖面进行野外采样,分析测定黑碳、磁化率、烧失量、地球化学元素等古环境指标,试图探讨生物质燃烧与人类活动、气候之间的相互作用机制,结果表明。1)4000~2800a BP.时期,气候从温湿向温凉偏干转变,局地野火偶尔发生。其中距今3500~3000年黑碳出现明显的峰值,这可能是因为商周时期当地人类生产生活诱发生物质燃烧事件所产生的黑碳颗粒,经过流水侵蚀作用和再堆积过程,致使黑碳浓度明显增加,气候和植被是野火发生与蔓延的限制因素。2)2800~2000a BP.时期,气候向暖干趋势转变,野火频率明显上升,这可能与春秋战国时期古人类大面积的土地利用有关。野火发生与人类活动及生产方式密切相关,但植被仍是影响野火发生的先决条件。3)2000~500a BP.时期,气候变得冷干,野火频率处于较低水平且趋于稳定,这可能是因为人类生产达到稳定阶段,土地已开垦殆尽,同时灌溉农业建立,气候是野火事件的主控因素。4)500a BP.以来,气候进一步干旱,广泛的生物质燃烧,尤其是近300a BP.进入快速增加阶段,这是清朝以来气候干旱化,加之人口急剧增加,人类焚林开荒等活动加剧所致,人类活动已成为野火发生的关键因子。Field sampling was conducted in the sediment profile of Changxu Village(CX),Shandong Province,and the analysis and determination of paleoenvironmental indicators such as black carbon,magnetic susceptibility,loss on ignition,geochemical elements etc.were taken attempting to explore the interaction between biomass burning,human activities,and climates.The results show that:1)During 4000-2800a BP.,the climate changed from warm and humid to cool and dry,and local wildfires occurred occasionally,of which black carbon showed an obvious peak in 3500~3000 years ago.This might be due to the black carbon particles produced by local human production and life induced biomass burning events during the Shang and Zhou dynasties,which caused a significant increase in black carbon concentration,through the process of erosion and re-accumulation by flowing water,and climate and vegetation were the limiting factors for the occurrence and spread of wildfires.2)During 2800-2000a BP.,the climate changed to a warm and dry,and the frequency of wildfires increased significantly,which might be related to the large area land use of ancient humans during the Spring and Autumn,and Warring States periods.The occurrence of wildfires was closely related to human activities and production methods,but vegetation was still prerequisites affecting the occurrence of wildfires.3)During 2000-500a BP.,the climate became cold and dry,and the frequency of wildfires was at a lower level and stabilized,probably because human production reached a stable stage,the land had been fully cultivated,while irrigated agriculture was established.Climate was the main controlling factor for wildfire events.4)In the last 500 yearsa BP.,the climate has been further arid,with widespread biomass burning,especially in the nearly 300 years of BP.It has entered a rapid increase stage,which was due to the drought of the climate since the Qing Dynasty,coupled with a sharp increase in population,and the intensification of human activities such as burning forests and reclaiming

关 键 词：野火 黑碳 全新世 气候变化 鲁北平原 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]