基于空间场景的海岸带与海域生态承载力及可持续评价  

Ecological carrying capacity and sustainability assessment for coastal and maritime area based on spatial scene:A case study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：唐玉芝 石铁柱[1,2,5] 刘潜 王梦迪 颜凤芹 吕品 邓东平 张紫红 王志华 胡忠文[1,2,5] 邬国锋[1,2,5] 苏奋振 TANG Yuzhi;SHI Tiezhu;LIU Qian;WANG Mengdi;YAN Fengqin;LYU Pin;DENG Dongping;ZHANG Zihong;WANG Zhihua;HU Zhongwen;WU Guofeng;SU Fenzhen(Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Smart Cities,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;MNR Key Laboratory for Geo-Environmental Monitoring of Great Bay Area,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China;State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy(SZ),Shenzhen 518107,Guangdong,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学粤港澳智慧城市联合实验室,深圳518060 [2]深圳大学自然资源部大湾区地理环境监测重点实验室,深圳518060 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [4]人工智能与数字经济广东省实验室(深圳),深圳518107 [5]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院,深圳518060

出　　处：《地理学报》2023年第11期2811-2832,共22页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41890854);广东省科技创新战略专项资金(2020B1212030009);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M702231)。

摘　　要：本文旨在介绍空间场景概念及其耦合三维生态足迹构建的新一代海岸带与海域生态承载力及可持续性评估框架;基于该框架,分析了1990—2019年粤港澳大湾区海岸带与海域空间场景、生态承载力及可持续性变化。结果表明:(1)1990—2019年陆地与潮间带空间场景变化主要表现为森林和水田向海水养殖、居住、商业贸易、工业生产和公铁桥梁等场景的转入,海域则主要表现为开发保留海域和一般可捕捞海域向海洋保护、海水养殖、旅游休闲、港口航道和工业城镇海域的转入。(2)总生态承载力先增后降、总体略有上升,但人均生态承载力持续下降;绝大多数空间场景生态承载力总体上升。(3)研究区及大多数空间场景人均足迹深度持续上升,且均超过原始值1,显示出不可持续发展趋势;人均3D足迹则呈先急增后缓增趋势。其中,旱地、陆地交通场站、工业生产等场景人均足迹深度最高,森林、工业生产和陆地交通场站人均3D足迹增长最快。(4)随着近年来产业转型升级和海洋政策调整优化,1990—2019年研究区不可持续发展趋势得到缓解。研究结果表明,相较于传统土地利用/覆被,空间场景更能细致准确反映海岸带与海域复杂人类活动造成的生态承载力和可持续性差异,体现了基于空间场景的新一代可持续性框架的先进性和有效性。This paper aims to introduce the concept of spatial scene and a novel ecological carrying capacity(ECC)and sustainability assessment framework for coastal and maritime area(CMA)coupling three-dimensional(3D)EF model and spatial scene.Spatiotemporal changes of spatial scenes,ECC and sustainability in the CMA of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)from 1990 to 2019 were assessed and analyzed using the framework mentioned above.The results showed that:(1)In the past 30 years,the loss of forests and paddy land dominated the spatial scene conversions in the GBA coastal land and intertidal zones,which were mainly converted to scenes of mariculture,residential area,commerce,industrial production,roads,etc.Meanwhile,the reduction of reserved sea and marine capture played a key role in the GBA marine areas,which were primarily transformed into scenes of marine protection,mariculture,tourism-entertainment sea,port-shipping and industrial-urban sea.(2)The total ECC of the study area increased at first and decreased later,representing an upward trend on the whole,which were also the same variation trends that occurred in most spatial scenes.Nevertheless,the per capita ECC decreased continuously.(3)The per capita EF depth of the study area and most of the spatial scenes has continued to rise and all values exceeded the original value of 1,revealing the unsustainable development trend;whereas the per capita 3D EF showed a rapid upswing at first and then a gradual increase pattern.The highest annual average per capita EF depth existed in the scenes of dryland,land traffic station,and industrial production,while the per capita 3D EF in forests,industrial production,and land traffic station increased fastest.(4)With the recent industrial transformation and upgrading,as well as the adjustments and optimization of marine policies,the unsustainable development trend of the study area over the 30 years has been effectively alleviated.These findings clearly demonstrate that spatial scene is more capable than traditional lan

关 键 词：空间场景 可持续性 生态承载力 粤港澳大湾区 海岸带与海域 

分 类 号：X145[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P748[天文地球—海洋科学]