工会的福利支持与企业员工的生育意愿——基于“雇主—雇员匹配调查”数据的分析  

Welfare Support from Labor Union and the Desire of Procreate Children of Employees——Evidence from Employer-employee Matching Survey

作　　者：柳建坤 何晓斌 周文霞[3] LIU Jian-kun;HE Xiao-bin;ZHOU Wen-xia(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;School of Social Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 150001,China;School of Labor and Human Resources,Renmin University,Bejing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学人文社会科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]清华大学社会科学学院,北京100084 [3]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100086

出　　处：《人口与发展》2023年第6期122-136,共15页Population and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代促进劳动力反乡创业的高质量发展研究”(22&ZD191);国家社会科学基金青年项目“青年返乡创业困境的形成机制与治理策略研究”(23CSH043);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划年度项目“县域零工经济劳动者权益保障风险及其治理研究”(22SHB168)。

摘　　要：探寻生育意愿的激励机制是扭转生育率持续降低趋势的关键,但在中国情境下关于企业员工生育意愿的研究较为匮乏。利用“雇主-雇员匹配调查”数据考察工会所提供的福利支持对企业员工生育意愿的影响。研究发现:(1)“全面二孩”政策实施后,企业员工整体的二孩生育意愿持续下滑;(2)工会对企业员工生育二孩的意愿具有促进作用;(3)增加货币性福利和非货币性福利是企业工会激励员工生育二孩的作用机制;(4)工会对在公有制企业工作及承担更多生育风险的员工(女性、有一孩及面临工作-家庭冲突)的二孩生育意愿有更强的激励作用。因此,以工会为载体的权益保护机制具有增强企业员工生育意愿的作用,这为决策部门治理低生育意愿难题提供了经验参考。Exploring the incentive mechanism of fertility intention is the key to reversing the declining trend of the fertility rate, but there is a lack of research on the fertility intention of enterprise employees in China.This paper uses the data of the“Employer-employee Matching Survey”to investigate the impact of trade unions on employees' reproductive intention and its mechanism.(1)the study found that employees' willingness to have children continued to decline after the implementation of the“overall child-bearing policy”;(2) Trade unions can promote employees' willingness to have two children;(3)Increasing monetary welfare and non-monetary welfare is the mechanism of enterprise trade unions to encourage employees to have two children;(4)Trade unions have a stronger incentive effect on the willingness of employees working in public enterprises and taking more reproductive risks(women,having one child and facing work-family conflict) to have two children. The rights and interests protection mechanism can enhance the employees' reproductive intention,which provides an empirical reference for decision-making departments to solve the problem of low reproductive meaning.

关 键 词：生育意愿 企业员工 工会 货币性福利 非货币性福利 

分 类 号：C912.68[经济管理]